Chapter 5 Gruskin

The average age of the American colonists in 1775 was a) 25 b) 30 c) 40 d) 20 e) 16

16

Match each denomination of the left with the region where it predominated. A. Congregationalist B. Anglican C. Presbyterian 1. the Frontier 2. New England 3. the South a) A-2, B-3, C-1 b) A-2, B-1, C-3 c) A-1, B-3, C-2 d) A-3, B-2, C-1 e) A-3, B-1, C-2

A-2, B-3, C-1

Match each individual on the left with his or her talent. A. Jonathan Edwards B. Benjamin Franklin C. Phillis Wheatley 1. poet 2. scientist 3. theologian 4. portrait artist a) A-2, B-1, C-3 b) A-1, B-3, C-2 c) A-3, B-2, C-1 d) A-1, B-2, C-3 e) A-2, B-3, C-1

A-3, B-2, C-1

By 1775, the ____________ were the largest non-English ethnic group in colonial America. a) Africans b) Germans c) West Indians d) Scots-Irish e) Irish

Africans

During the colonial era, all of the following peoples created new societies out of diverse ethnic groups in America except a) English b) Africans c) Asians d) Indians e) French

Asians

By 1775, which of the following communities could not be considered a city in colonial America? a) New Y ork b) Charlestown c) Philadelphia d) Boston e) Baltimore

Baltimore

The person most often called the "first civilized American" was a) Thomas Jefferson b) John Trumball c) John Winthrop d) Phillis Wheatley e) Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin

In 1775, the __________________ churches were the only two established (tax-supported) churches in colonial America. a) Methodist and Anglican b) Presbyterian and Congregational c) Congregational and Anglican d) Quaker and Catholic e) Presbyterian and Anglican

Congregational and Anglican

The first American college free from determined control was a) Harvard b) Yale c) New York University d) Brown University e) The University of Pennsylvania

The University of Pennsylvania

One of the surest avenues to speedy wealth in the American colonies was a) a commercial venture b) a plantation c) fishing d) manufacturing e) selling slaves

a commercial venture

As a result of the rapid population growth in colonial America during the 18th century, a) a momentous shift occurred in the balance of power between the colonies and the mother country b) the British government was pleased that more workers would be available to fill an increasing need for laborers in Britain c) the need for slave labor declined d) the colonists became more dependent on Britain for the goods that they needed to survive e) the British government granted greater autonomy to colonial governments

a momentous shift occurred in the balance of power between the colonies and the mother country

The most important economic enterprise in the American colonies was a) fishing b) manufacturing c) commerce d) agriculture e) slave trading

agriculture

Although manufacturing in the colonies was of only secondary importance, they did produce which of the following? a) rum b) beaver hats c) lumber d) iron e) all of the above

all of the above

The Great Awakening a) undermined the prestige of the learned clergy in the colonies b) split colonial churches into several competing denominations c) led to the founding of Princeton, Dartmouth, and Rutgers colleges d) was the first spontaneous mass movement of the American people e) all of the above

all of the above

By 1775, most governors of American colonies were a) appointed by colonial proprietors b) appointed by the king c) elected by popular vote d) elected by the vote of colonial legislatures e) appointed by the British Parliament

appointed by the king

Regarding government, the Scots-Irish colonists a) showed remarkable willingness to follow authority b) supported only Britain c) cherished no love for the British or any other government d) stated a preference for Catholic authority e) established good relations with local Indians

cherished no love for the British or any other government

Colonial legislatures were often able to bend the power of the governors to their will because a) the governors often had a greater sense of loyalty to their colony than to the king b) the governors were usually chosen by colonial legislatures and could be removed from office by the legislatures c) the king generally held the views of colonial legislators in higher regard than those of the governors d) colonial legislatures controlled taxes and expenditures that paid the governors' salaries e) of the threat of violence

colonial legislatures controlled taxes and expenditures that paid the governors' salaries

By the mid-eighteenth century, North American colonies shared all of the following similarities except a) same degree of ethnic and religious toleration b) basically English in language c) protestant in religion d) opportunity for social mobility e) complete democracy

complete democracy

The "new light" preachers of the Great Awakening a) delivered intensely emotional sermons b) rarely addressed themselves to the matter of individual salvation c) reinforced the established churches d) were ultimately unsuccessful in arousing the religious enthusiasm of colonial Americans e) opposed the emotionalism of the revivalists

delivered intensely emotional sermons

All of the following are reasons the thirteen Atlantic seaboard colonies sought independence except a) distinctive social structures b) distinctive economic structures c) distinctive political structures d) distinctive racial structures e) the appearance of a recognizably American way of life

distinctive racial structures

When the Scots Irish established a new community, one of the first tasks they undertook was to a) build a tavern b) erect a church c) establish a court d) institute a theocracy e) make peace with local Indians

erect a church

The Scots Irish can best be described as a) fiercely independent b) loyal to the British King c) people who did not like to move d) builders of sturdy homes and well-kept farms e) strong supporters of the Catholic Church

fiercely independent

When it came to religion, the Scots-Irish a) showed little interest b) supported the idea of a theocracy c) supported the Anglican church d) advocated the policy of established churches e) found it to be a bond that held them together

found it to be a bond that held them together

Colonial American taverns were all of the following except a) frequented mainly by the lower class b) another cradle of democracy c) hotbeds of agitation for the Revolutionary movement d) important in crystallizing public opinion e) places providing amusements

frequented mainly by the lower class

Which of the following was not considered to be a naval store? a) tar b) pitch c) rosin d) turpentine e) glass

glass

One feature of the American economy that strained the relationship between the colonies and Britain was the a) British demand to halt the importation of slaves b) growing desire of Americans to trade with other nations in addition to Britain c) lack of any British regulations regarding trade with foreign nations d) British rejection of the Molasses Act e) the Americans' unwillingness to trade with the French West Indies

growing desire of Americans to trade with other nations in addition to Britain

In contrast to the 17th century, by 1775 colonial Americans a) had become more stratified into social classes and had less social mobility b) had all but eliminated poverty c) found that it was easier for ordinary people to acquire land d) had nearly lost their fear of slave rebellion e) had few people who owned small farms

had become more stratified into social classes and had less social mobility

In colonial America, education was most zealously promoted a) in the South b) in New England c) on the frontier d) in the middle colonies e) in those areas controlled by Spain

in New England

The religious doctrine of the Armenians held that a) predestination determined a person's eternal fate b) good works could get you into heaven c) Calvin's ideas should be followed without question d) emotion had no place in religion e) individual free will determined a person's eternal fate

individual free will determined a person's eternal fate

All of the following are achievements of Benjamin Franklin except a) the lightening rod b) author of Poor Richard's Almanack c) bifocal glasses d) a highly efficient stove e) influential poetry

influential poetry

When the British Parliament passed the Molasses Act in 1733, it intended the act to a) stimulate the colonies' "triangular trade" with Africa and the West Indies b) satisfy colonial demands for earning foreign exchange money c) inhibit colonial trade with the French West Indies d) increase the colonists' standard of living and protected the livelihood of colonial merchants e) require Americans to sell their molasses to the British

inhibit colonial trade with the French West Indies

The triangular trade of the colonial American shipping industry a) was not profitable b) involved America, France, and England c) relied on the Spanish fleet for protection d) saw the Spanish gaining the largest profits e) involved the trading of rum for African slaves

involved the trading of rum for African slaves

The jury's decision in the case of John Peter Zenger, a newspaper printer, was significant because a) he was found guilty b) it supported English law c) it pointed the way to open public discussion d) the ruling prohibited criticism of political officials e) it allowed the press to print irresponsible criticism of power people

it pointed the way to open public discussion

By the early 18th century, religion in colonial America was a) stronger than at any previous time b) holding steadfastly to the belief that spiritual conversion was essential for church membership c) moving away from clerical intellectualism d) lass fervid than when the colonies were established e) becoming less tolerant

lass fervid than when the colonies were established

The major manufacturing enterprise in colonial America in the 18th century was a) iron making b) arms and munitions production c) lumbering d) rum distilling e) making clothes

lumbering

Of the following, the least important economic activity of colonial Americans was a) fishing b) commerce c) farming d) manufacturing e) slave trading

manufacturing

The population of the thirteen American colonies was a) about evenly divided among Anglo-Saxons, French, Scots-Irish, and Germans b) perhaps the most diverse in the world, although it remained predominantly Anglo-Saxon c) about one-half non-English d) most ethnically mixed in New England e) none of the above

perhaps the most diverse in the world, although it remained predominantly Anglo-Saxon

All of the following conditions caused many Scots to migrate to Northern Ireland and thence to America except a) the poor quality of farmland in Scotland b) the spread of commercial farming c) extremely high rent increase d) persecution for their Catholic religion e) paying taxes to support the Anglican church

persecution for their Catholic religion

One outstanding feature common to all of the eventually rebellious colonies was their a) relatively equal wealth b) economic organization c) similarly social structures d) rapidly growing populations e) support of religious freedom

rapidly growing populations

Colonial schools and colleges placed their main emphasis on a) math b) science c) modern languages d) literature e) religion

religion

By the mid-1700s, the number of poor people in the American colonies a) became greater than in all of Europe b) had increased to the point of overpopulation c) had begun to decline from 17th century levels d) remained tiny compared with the number in England e) was about one-third of the population

remained tiny compared with the number in England

The time-honored English ideal, which Americans accepted for some time, regarded education as a) essential training for citizenship b) designed for men and women c) reserved for the aristocratic few d) unimportant for leaders e) designed for rich and poor alike

reserved for the aristocratic few

One political principle that colonial Americans came to cherish above most others was a) the property qualification for voting b) one man, one vote c) the separation of powers d) self-taxation through representation e) restricting the right to vote to men only

self-taxation through representation

Transportation in colonial America was a) surprisingly fast for the time b) safer by road than by any other means c) slow by any of the means available d) so poor that no mail service was established until the 1800s e) fast only on the waterways

slow by any of the means available

On the eve of the American Revolution, social and economic mobility decreased, partly because a) some merchants made huge profits as military suppliers b) of peacetime economic developments c) fewer yeomen farmers were arriving from Europe d) of the religious impact of the Puritans e) of the increase in the slave trade

some merchants made huge profits as military suppliers

As the Revolution approached, Presbyterian and Congregational ministers in general a) remained neutral b) supported the Revolutionary cause c) sided with the Anglican clergymen d) opposed the idea of revolution e) split on the issue of independence

supported the Revolutionary cause

English officials tried to "establish" the Church of England in as many colonies as possible because a) they were concerned about the eternal souls of the colonists b) the church would act as a major prop for kingly authority c) such an action would restore enthusiasm for religion d) the American colonists supported such a move e) such an action brought in more money to England

the church would act as a major prop for kingly authority

The most ethnically diverse region of colonial America was _______________, whereas ______________ was the least ethnically diverse. a) New England, the South b) the middle colonies, the South c) the South, New England d) the middle colonies, New England e) the frontier regions, New England

the middle colonies, New England

The most honored profession in early colonial society was a) medicine b) law c) the ministry d) farming e) merchants

the ministry

The population growth of the American colonies by 1775 is attributed mostly to a) white immigration from Europe b) the natural fertility of Native Americans c) the importation of slaves from Africa d) the influx of immigrants from Latin America e) the natural fertility of all Americans

the natural fertility of all Americans

In colonial elections, a) most eligible voters zealously exercised their right to vote b) the right to vote was reserved for property holders c) only a small landed elite had the right to vote d) average citizens were usually elected to office e) true democracy had arrived

the right to vote was reserved for property holders

American colonists sought trade with countries other than Great Britain a) in order to gain their independence b) mainly to anger the king c) to anger Parliament d) to help strengthen the French e) to make money to buy what they wanted in Britain

to make money to buy what they wanted in Britain

When several colonial legislatures attempted to restrict or halt the importation of slaves, British authorities a) applauded the efforts b) vetoed such efforts c) allowed only South Carolina's legislation to stand d) viewed such colonial actions as morally callous e) did nothing

vetoed such efforts

Culture in colonial America a) involved heavy investment in art b) was generally ignored an unappreciated c) showed its native creativity in architecture d) was always important to the colonists e) for a long time rejected any European influence

was generally ignored an unappreciated

The riches created by the growing slave population in the American South a) were distributed evenly among whites b) helped to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor c) created a serious problem with inflation d) were not distributed evenly among whites e) enabled poor whites to escape tenant farming

were not distributed evenly among whites