Chapter 5 linguistic anthropology: relating language and culture
language
A system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning.
A language of mixed origin that developed from a complex blending of two parent languages is called
Creole
Syntax
Pattern of word order used to form sentences and longer utterances in a language
Refers to the structure of speech sounds
Phonology
proto language
a hypothetical common ancestral language of two or more living languages
Creole language
a language of mixed origin that has developed from a complex blending of two parent languages that exists as a mother tongue for some part of the population
Words that came from the same ancestral language and originated from the same word are called
cognate words
the study of how people classify things in the world is called
ethnoscience
most mammals use some form of call system to communicate with others of their species. dogs and chimpanzees share an additional linguistic, characteristic because they can communicate simple combinations of ideas about things they are not currently seeing. T/f
f
words that differ by only one single sound contrast like in the case of ban,man, and pan, are called
minimal pairs
How words fit together to make meaningful units is called
morphology
Brent Berlin and Paul kay found that if a language had only 3 color terms, they would always be black (dark), white (light), and
red
A stoplight is a visual example of a
sign
the study of how sociocultural norms and contexts shape language use in society
sociolinguistics
Phonology
the systematic pattern of sounds in a language, also known as the language's sound system
americas pattern of gender inequality is built into our linguistic practices T/F
true
most people are unaware of the structure of a language util someone speaking It makes a mistake T/F
true
The study of grammatical categories, such as tense and word order, is called
morphology
words or objects that stand for something else
signs
Koko and Washo were two primates who had learned
To respond to to the very subtle cues of their trainers and can produce signs and even combine them into simple sentences
The set of sounds and movements that animals make to communicate is called a
call system
linguistic relativity
the idea that people speaking different languages perceive or interpret the world differently because of differences in their languages
Morphology
the structure of words and word formation in a language
Ethnoscience
the study of how people classify things in the world, usually by considering some range or set of meanings
Sociolinguistics
the study of how sociocultural context and norms shape language use and the effects of language use on society
descriptive linguistics
the systematic analysis and description of a language's sound system and grammar
pidgin language
A mixed language with a simplified grammar, typically borrowing its vocabulary from one language but its grammar from another.
stops
Sounds that are formed by closing off and reopening the oral cavity so that it stops the flow of air through the mouth, such as the consonants p, b, t, d, k, and g.
According to anthropologist sherry ortners analysis, the American flag is an example of
Summarizing symbols, because Americans see it as summarizing everything good about America
Anthropologist sherry ortner distinguished three kinds of culturally/powerful symbols
Summarizing symbols, elaborating symbols, culturally powerful symbols
Call system
patterned sounds or utterances that express meaning
language ideology
widespread assumptions that people make about the relative sophistication and status of particular dialects and languages
Animal call systems are
Are limited in what and how much they can communicate
When anthropologists study the way people use language in real settings rather than as a set of grammatical rules, they are focusing on
Sociolinguistics
Cognate words
Words in two languages that show the same systematic sound shifts as other words in the two languages, usually interpreted by linguists as evidence for a common linguistic ancestry.
philology
comparative study of ancient texts and documents