psych 4

Which of the following characterizes rapid eye movement (REM) sleep?

A level of arousal similar to that of a person's waking state

__________drugs generally act by slowing the activity of the central nervous system.

Depressant

During a guided meditation session, Rachel was asked to picture a green valley under a clear blue sky. She was asked to "feel" the wind against her face and "hear" the birds chirping around her. Although none of these stimuli were actually present, Rachel felt very conscious of them. Which of the following phenomena best defines Rachel's experience?

Direct inner awareness

Consciously ejecting unwanted mental events from awareness is known as repression.

False

Dreams are most likely to be vivid during NREM sleep, whereas images are vaguer and more fleeting during rapid eye movement sleep (REM) sleep.

False

Mindfulness meditation provides clients with techniques they can use to attain spiritual enlightenment.

False

The state of unconsciousness called the hypnotic trance has traditionally been induced by asking people to narrow their attention to a small light.

False

Women seem less affected by alcohol because they have more of an enzyme called aldehyde dehydrogenase that metabolizes alcohol in the stomach.

False

Modern hypnosis evolves from the ideas of__________.

Franz Mesmer

Which of the following hallucinogens is derived from the resin of the Cannabis sativa plant?

Hashish

__________ was once used as a cure for addiction to morphine.

Heroin

__________is an altered state of consciousness in which people are highly suggestible and behave as though they are in a trance.

Hypnosis

Which of the following is true of insomnia?

It is a sleep disorder that is characterized by the inability to fall or stay asleep.

__________is an example of a hallucinogenic.

Mescaline

__________refers to a "sleep attack" in which a person falls asleep suddenly and irresistibly.

Narcolepsy

__________processes cannot be experienced through sensory awareness or direct inner awareness.

Nonconscious

Which of the following terms best describes material that is not currently in awareness but is readily available?

Preconscious

Which of the following terms refers to consciously ejecting unwanted mental events from awareness?

Suppression

Which of the following biological views suggests that acetylcholine and the pons stimulate responses that lead to dreaming?

The activation-synthesis model

Which of the following is a consequence of regular usage of opiates?

The brain stops producing the pain-relieving endorphins.

Side effects of__________include cancer, heart disease, lung and respiratory diseases.

nicotine

​Stewart is a stage performer who wants to control his weight. He regularly smokes cigarettes and is also addicted to many other tobacco products. He thinks that it helps him relax and improve his performance on stage. In this case, Sandy is likely addicted to _____.

nicotine

Circulation of blood is an example of a__________process.

nonconscious

As we develop, our__________forms intentions and guides behavior.

self

Causes of__________include anatomical deformities that clog the air passageways, such as a thick palate, and problems in the breathing centers in the brain.

sleep apnea

Ray often wakes up at night chattering loudly and incoherently. He is usually pacified for about five minutes after which he returns to sleep. During the morning, he is unable to recall his behavior. However, he vaguely recalls his chest being pressed. Ray seems to suffer from__________.

sleep terrors

Kira, an eight-year-old girl, sometimes walks around the house in her sleep. During these times, her parents generally find her roaming about in the living room or the kitchen. Though in sleep, she responds to questions during these phases. But when she wakes up in the morning, she is completely unaware of her night-time excursions. This phenomenon is referred to as__________.

somnambulism

​As we enter _________ sleep, our brain waves slowdown from the alpha rhythm and enter a pattern of theta waves.

stage 1

Delta waves are strong, slow brain waves usually emitted during__________sleep.

stage 4

Elly attends a spiritual therapy session once a week. During these sessions, she concentrates on specific sounds or words known as "mantras". Through these sessions, Elly wishes to attain an altered state of consciousness which includes spiritual experiences. Elly is most likely to be practicing__________.

transcendental meditation

​_________ drugs generally act by slowing the activity of the central nervous system.

​Depressant

​_________ was once used as a cure for addiction to morphine.

​Heroin

​ _____ processes cannot be experienced through sensory awareness or direct inner awareness.

​Nonconscious

​Low amplitude brain waves that are emitted when we close our eyes and begin to relax before going to sleep are known as _________.

​alpha waves

​People withdrawing from chronic alcohol use may experience _________ with heavy sweating, restlessness, disorientation, and frightening hallucinations.

​delirium tremens

​The knowledge of our own thoughts, images, emotions, and memories that we experience without the use of our sensory organs is known as _____.

​direct inner awareness

​Some lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) users have _________, which are distorted perceptions or hallucinations that mimic the LSD trip, but occur days or weeks after usage.

​flashbacks

​David is a sixty-year-old man. He has suffered from pain in the joints for several years now. As a result, he finds it difficult to get sleep. He is further troubled by autonomic activity and muscle tension when he tries to consciously fall asleep. And now, he simply tries to relax his body without the effort of trying to fall asleep. David most likely suffers from _________.

​insomnia

​While sitting in class, Paul heard two people whispering about an upcoming college event. Since this sounded more interesting to him than the lecture that was going on, Paul started listening intently to what the two people were talking about, while completely ignoring the lecture. This is an example of _________.

​selective attention

​Causes of _________ include anatomical deformities that clog the air passageways, such as a thick palate, and problems in the breathing centers in the brain.

​sleep apnea

​Narcolepsy is usually accompanied by _________, which is characterized by the collapse of muscle groups or the entire body, and a person cannot move during the transition from consciousness to sleep.

​sleep paralysis

​Dolly was taking a nap after her afternoon meal. She was experiencing vivid dreamlike images, but she was aware and not yet fully asleep. When Susie woke her, she apologized to Dolly. However, Dolly claimed that she was not sleeping at all. Dolly is likely to have been at _____ sleep.

​stage 1

​Darryl first had an alcoholic drink when he was 17 years old. He recalls "feeling tipsy" right after finishing the first drink. Now, after almost five years of habitually drinking alcohol, he needs to consume four or five glasses of the same drink to get the "tipsy feeling." In other words, Darryl's _________ for alcohol has increased.

​tolerance

Which of the following structures contains the suprachiasmatic nucleus that stimulates the pineal gland to decrease the output of melatonin?

The hypothalamus

The knowledge of our own thoughts, images, emotions, and memories that we experience without the use of our sensory organs is known as__________.

There is no evidence to suggest that dreams express impulses we censor during the day.

__________is a simplified form of meditation brought to the United States by the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and used as a method for coping with stress.

Transcendental meditation

As recent events are most likely to be reverberating in our brains, we are most likely to dream about them.

True

In which of the following situations do people usually require more sleep than normal?

When people are under stress