Chapter 5: Nonverbal Communication

Four types of nonverbal gestures

Emblems, adaptors, illustrators, and regulators

Voice qualities

Qualities such as speed, pitch, rhythm, vocal range and articulation that make up the "music" of the human voice.

Functions of nonverbal messages

1. Communicate information 2. Regulate interaction 3. Express and manage intimacy 4. Establish social control 5. Signal service/task functions

Four categories of communication space

1. Intimate distance (0 to 18 inches) - Space used when interacting with those with whom one considers very close. 2. Personal distance (18 inches to 4 feet) - Spaced used when interacting with friends and acquaintances. 3. Social distance (4 to 12 feet) - Space used, primarily by Americans, when interacting with unfamiliar others. 4. Public distance (12 to 25) - The distance used used for public ceremonies such as lectures and performances.

Friendship touch

A touch that conveys warmth, closeness, or caring such as when touching a friends arm during conversation (more intimate that both professional and social touch).

Social-polite touch

A type of touch that is part of a daily interaction (more intimate than professional touch).

Paralinguistics

All aspects of spoken language except the words themselves, and includes rate, volume, pitch, and stress.

Nonverbal behavior

All the nonverbal action that people perform.

Nonverbal codes

Distinct, organized means of expression that consist of symbols and rules for their use.

Emblems

Gestures that stand for a specific verbal meaning

Regulators

Gestures used to control conversation.

Adaptors

Gestures used to manage emotions.

Immediacy

How close or involved people appear to be with each other.

Nonverbal messages

Messages sent without the use of speech that may be intentional or unintentional.

Professional/functional touch

Non-intimate type of touch used by certain professionals workers such as doctors, dentists, or hairstylists.

Nonverbal communication

Nonverbal behavior that has symbolic meaning.

Gestures

Nonverbal communication made with parts of the body, including actions that include pointing or waving.

Illustrators

Signals that accompany speech to clarify or emphasize a verbal message.

Haptics

The study of the communicative function of touch.

Proximics

The study of the way people use spatial cues, including interpersonal distance, territoriality, and other space relationships to communicate.

Chronemics

The study of the way people use time as a message.

Love/intimate touch

The type of touch used between family members or romantic partners.

Vocalizations

Uttered sounds that do not have the structure of language.

Kinetics

nonverbal communication sent by the body, including gestures, posture, movement, facial expressions, and eye behavior.