Chapter 5: Nonverbal Communication
Four types of nonverbal gestures
Emblems, adaptors, illustrators, and regulators
Voice qualities
Qualities such as speed, pitch, rhythm, vocal range and articulation that make up the "music" of the human voice.
Functions of nonverbal messages
1. Communicate information 2. Regulate interaction 3. Express and manage intimacy 4. Establish social control 5. Signal service/task functions
Four categories of communication space
1. Intimate distance (0 to 18 inches) - Space used when interacting with those with whom one considers very close. 2. Personal distance (18 inches to 4 feet) - Spaced used when interacting with friends and acquaintances. 3. Social distance (4 to 12 feet) - Space used, primarily by Americans, when interacting with unfamiliar others. 4. Public distance (12 to 25) - The distance used used for public ceremonies such as lectures and performances.
Friendship touch
A touch that conveys warmth, closeness, or caring such as when touching a friends arm during conversation (more intimate that both professional and social touch).
Social-polite touch
A type of touch that is part of a daily interaction (more intimate than professional touch).
Paralinguistics
All aspects of spoken language except the words themselves, and includes rate, volume, pitch, and stress.
Nonverbal behavior
All the nonverbal action that people perform.
Nonverbal codes
Distinct, organized means of expression that consist of symbols and rules for their use.
Emblems
Gestures that stand for a specific verbal meaning
Regulators
Gestures used to control conversation.
Adaptors
Gestures used to manage emotions.
Immediacy
How close or involved people appear to be with each other.
Nonverbal messages
Messages sent without the use of speech that may be intentional or unintentional.
Professional/functional touch
Non-intimate type of touch used by certain professionals workers such as doctors, dentists, or hairstylists.
Nonverbal communication
Nonverbal behavior that has symbolic meaning.
Gestures
Nonverbal communication made with parts of the body, including actions that include pointing or waving.
Illustrators
Signals that accompany speech to clarify or emphasize a verbal message.
Haptics
The study of the communicative function of touch.
Proximics
The study of the way people use spatial cues, including interpersonal distance, territoriality, and other space relationships to communicate.
Chronemics
The study of the way people use time as a message.
Love/intimate touch
The type of touch used between family members or romantic partners.
Vocalizations
Uttered sounds that do not have the structure of language.
Kinetics
nonverbal communication sent by the body, including gestures, posture, movement, facial expressions, and eye behavior.