Chapter 5
Pompey
(106-48 BC), Roman general and statesman; Latin name Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus; known as Pompey the Great. He founded the First Triumvirate, but later quarrelled with Caesar, who defeated him at the battle of Pharsalus.
Gracchus Brothers
The Gracchi, Tiberius Gracchus, and Gaius Gracchus, were Roman brothers who tried to reform Rome's social and political structure to help the lower classes in the 2nd century BCE. The brothers were politicians who represented the plebs, or commoners, in the Roman government.
Pax Romana
Pax Romana, (Latin: "Roman Peace") a state of comparative tranquillity throughout the Mediterranean world from the reign of Augustus (27 bce-14 ce) to the reign of Marcus Aurelius (161 -180 ce). Augustus laid the foundation for this period of concord, which also extended to North Africa and Persia.
What were the achievements of the Pax Romana?
Pax Romana, or "Peace of Rome" began in 27 BC when Octavian took over control of the empire. Causing no more civil wars and the beginning of new accomplishments. As the empire expanded, many achievements expanded with it as well. The Roman citizens created modern transportation systems of roads, tunnels, and aqueducts.
What happened between Pompey and Caesar?
The First Triumvirate (so denominated by Cicero), comprising Julius Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey, ascended to power with Caesar's election as consul, in 59 BC. The First Triumvirate was unofficial, a political alliance the substance of which was Pompey's military might, Caesar's political influence, and Crassus' money.
What were the Gracchus brothers known for?
The Gracchi brothers, Tiberius and Gaius, were Romans who both served as tribunes in the late 2nd century BC. They attempted to pass land reform legislation that would redistribute the major aristocratic landholdings among the urban poor and veterans, in addition to other reform measures.
When did the Roman republic fall?
Internal turmoil provoked in 133 BC by economic stagnation in the city of Rome , slave revolts without, and dissension in the military precipitated a period of unrelenting political upheaval known as the Roman Revolution, the Late Roman Republic , or the Fall of the Republic, 133-27 BC.
How did the Roman republic start?
It all began when the Romans overthrew their Etruscan conquerors in 509 B.C.E. Centered north of Rome, the Etruscans had ruled over the Romans for hundreds of years. Once free, the Romans established a republic, a government in which citizens elected representatives to rule on their behalf.
What were some of Caesar accomplishments?
Julius Caesar(100 BC - 44 BC) was a Roman general and politician who is one ofthe most renowned figures of ancient Rome. He is considered one ofthe greatest military commanders in history with victories in numerous campaigns, most prominently his conquest of Gaul. One of Caesar's major accomplishments was to prevent the invasion of Rome by the tribes of Gaul (sort of modern day France and Germany) during the Gallic Wars. ... It catapulted Caesar's military career. However, one of Caesar'sbiggest accomplishments was something he did right before he died.
Who was the first leader of the Roman Republic?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla, general and consul (138-78 B.C.) Marcus Licinius Crassus, member of First Triumvirate with Caesar and Pompey (d. 53 B.C.) Julius Caesar, general and statesman (100?-44 B.C.)
What were the 3 forms of government in ancient Rome?
Monarchy. Republic. Empire.
How long did the Pax Romana last?
200 years The Pax Romana (Roman Peace) was a period of relative peace and stability across the Roman Empire which lasted for over 200 years, beginning with the reign of Augustus (27 BCE - 14 CE).
Julius Caesar
A Roman general and dictator in the first century b.c. In military campaigns to secure Roman rule over the province of Gaul, present-day France, he gained much prestige.
Who founded Rome?
According to legend, Ancient Rome was founded by the two brothers, and demi-gods, Romulus and Remus, on 21 April 753 BCE. The legend claims that, in an argument over who would rule the city (or, in another version, where the city would be located) Romulus killed Remus and named the city after himself.
Octavian (Augustus)
Also called Octavian (before 27 b.c.). Gaius Julius Caesar OctavianusAugustus Caesar, 63 b.c.-a.d. 14, first Roman emperor 27 b.c.-a.d. 14: reformer, patron of arts and literature; heir and successor to Julius Caesar. a title of office given to rulers of the Roman Republic after Octavianus. Augustus was born Gaius Octavius on 23 September 63 BC in Rome. In 43 BC his great-uncle, Julius Caesar, was assassinated and inhis will, Octavius, known as Octavian, was named as his heir. He fought to avenge Caesar and in 31 BC defeated Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium.
When did Rome become a republic?
Ancient Roman historians initially differed over the precise date of Rome'sfoundation. By the end of the republic, however, it was generally accepted that Rome had been founded in 753 bce and that the republic had begun in 509 bce, following the overthrow of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the last of Rome's seven kings.
What is Caesar's legacy?
As a Statesman. Though long involved in Roman politics, Caesar's real emergence onto the Roman political scene was in 60 BC. At this pivotal point in his career he became part of the First Triumvirate, which was an informal ruling allegiance in Rome created by Caesar, Pompey, and Marcus Crassus.
What was the impact of Julius Caesar?
Being a dictator had a large impact on his political career, and it permanently changed the Roman empire. During his rule Caesar greatly improved Rome's economy. When he came into power Rome had very widespread debt. To decrease the number of unemployed he offered jobs in other parts of the empire.
Was Rome more successful as an empire or a republic?
Both the Roman Republic and Roman Empire had periods of instability which ultimately caused their demise. ... However, if one considers the extent of the Roman Empire and its continuation from Byzantium after the collapse of the Western Empire, then the Empire was ultimately more successful than the Republic.
What was the lasting result of the Punic Wars?
By 164 BC, Rome was a very different country then before the Punic Wars that saw immediate and long term effects. ... A result of the first Punic War and the Romans was the decisive naval victory against the Carthaginians at the Aegate Islands. This gave Rome full control of Sicily and Corsica.
What was the first Punic War?
First Punic War, also called First Carthaginian War, (264-241 bce) first of three wars between the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian (Punic) empire that resulted in the destruction of Carthage. The First Punic War was fought to establish control over the strategic islands of Corsica and Sicily.
Who was Julius Caesar?
Gaius Julius Caesar (/ˈsiːzər/; Latin pronunciation: [ˈɡaː.i.ʊs ˈjuː.li.ʊs ˈkae̯.sar]; 12 or 13 July 100 BC - 15 March 44 BC), known by his nomen and cognomen Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician and military general who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic
What does Pompey mean?
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Classical Latin: [ˈgnae̯.ʊs pɔmˈpɛj.jʊs ˈmaŋ.nʊs]; 29 September 106 BC - 28 September 48 BC), usually known in English as Pompey /ˈpɒmpiː/ or Pompey the Great, was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic.
What were Pompey's accomplishments
His success as a military commander in Sulla's second civil war resulted in Sulla bestowing the nickname Magnus, "the Great", upon him. ... Pompey and Caesar then contended for the leadership of the Roman state, leading to a civil war.
What was the Roman Republic?
In Roman society, the aristocrats were known as patricians. The highest positions in the government were held by two consuls, or leaders, who ruled the Roman Republic. A senate composed of patricians elected these consuls. At this time, lower-class citizens, or plebeians, had virtually no say in the government.
What is the Roman republic definition?
In the ancient Roman state from 509 BC until Augustus assumed power in 27 BC; was governed by an elected Senate but dissatisfaction with the Senate led to civil wars that culminated in a brief dictatorship by Julius Caesar. Example of: republic. a form of government whose head of state is not a monarch.
What was the religion of the Roman Republic?
Roman Religion Challenged. Judaism and Christianity, while posing separate threats to the empire, had one thing in common - they both refused to participate in the worship of the Roman gods and make sacrifices at their temples.
Who won the first Punic War?
Rome won the First Punic War after 23 years of conflict and in the end became the dominant naval power of the Mediterranean. In the aftermath of the war, both states were financially and demographically exhausted. Corsica, Sardinia and Africa remained Carthaginian, but they had to pay a high war indemnity.
What did the Pax Romana do?
The Pax Romana (Latin for "Roman Peace") was a long period of relative peace and stability experienced by the Roman Empire between the accession of Caesar Augustus, founder of the Roman principate, and the death of Marcus Aurelius, last of the "good emperors".
Was the Pax Romana really peaceful?
The Pax Romana was said to be a peaceful time of prosperity in Rome. But was all of it really peaceful? No, although Rome wasn't fighting any wars, they still had internal struggle as an empire. After the Civil Wars, Rome went through 27BC-180AD, which is a 200-year period called the Pax Romana, which means peace.
The Punic Wars
The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC. At the time, they were some of the largest warsthat had ever taken place. The term Punic comes from the Latin word Punicus (or Poenicus), meaning "Carthaginian", with reference to the Carthaginians' Phoenician ancestry.
The Roman Republic
The Roman Republic is the period from the (perhaps apocryphal) overthrow of the last Roman king, Lucius Tarquinius, in 509 BC by the Roman nobility until the establishment of a permanent imperial dictatorship under Augustus (Octavian) Caesar in 27 BC.
How long did the Punic Wars last?
The first two wars were long—23 years and 17 years, separated by an interval of 23 years. The third war lasted nearly three years. It started 52 years after the end of the second war. All three wars were won by Rome, which subsequently emerged as the greatest military power in the Mediterranean Sea.
What was the significance of the Punic Wars?
The historical significance of the three Punic Wars. The three Punic Wars that were waged between Roman and Carthaginian Empires is a central event in ancient geopolitical history. The rise of the Roman Empire coincided with the decline of the Carthaginian Empire because each tried to benefit at the cost of the other. The Significance of the punic Wars... After the First Punic War, Sicily became Rome's first "overseas province." ... Lastly, the Punic Wars impacted Rome because by defeating Carthage, Rome became the dominant power in the Mediterranean Region, since before the wars Carthage was the most dominant.
How did the Punic Wars affect Rome?
The main cause of the Punic Wars was the conflicts of interest between the existing Carthaginian Empire and the expanding Roman Republic. A result of the first Punic War and the Romans was the decisive naval victory against the Carthaginians at the Aegate Islands. This gave Rome full control of Sicily and Corsica.
Why did the Pax Romana happen?
The term "Pax Romana," which literally means "Roman peace," refers to the time period from 27 B.C.E. to 180 C.E. in the Roman Empire. ... The Pax Romana began when Octavian became the leader of the Roman Empire.
When did the Pax Romana begin?
Timeline Description: Pax Romana, Latin for "Roman Peace," was a period of peace and minimal military expansion in the Roman Empire during the 1st and 2nd centuries CE. The period spanned approximately 206 years, from 27 BCE to 180 AD. It is largely considered the "golden age" in Rome.
How was the government of the Roman Republic different from the Roman Empire?
Two thousand years ago, the world was ruled by Rome, but Rome could not rule itself. ... In the first century BC, Rome was a republic. Power lay in the hands of the Senate, elected by Roman citizens. But the senators were fighting for power between themselves.
Who won the Punic Wars?
With no fleet, Hamilcar Barca was cut from Carthage and forced to surrender. Rome won the First Punic War after 23 years of conflict and in the end replaced Carthage as the dominant naval power of the Mediterranean.