Chapter 5: Tissue Anatomy and Physiology

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

tissue that consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in ducts of certain glands and the upper respiratory tract

Blood

transport system, all fluid

Areolar

wraps and cushions organs

Bone

Calcium, provides support

Which tissue is a continuous sheet of tightly packed cells and covers the body's surface, lines body cavities and many of its organs, and forms certain glands? a. Connective Tissue b. Muscle Tissue c. Epithelial Tissue d. Squamous Tissue

Epithelial Tissue

Four types of tissue

Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscular

Simple

Every cell touches the basement membrane

Four types of connective tissue

Fiberous, Cartilage, blood, bone

Reticular

Framework, network of fiber

Endocrine Gland

Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body

Cardiac Muscle

Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.

Epithelial tissue only has only one layer of tissue called:

Simple

Simple squamous epithelial

Single layer of flat, scale-like cells.

In what type of epithelia do some cells stack on top of other cells but not touch the basement membrane? a. Stratified b.Simple c. Cuboidal d. Squamous

Stratified

Cartilage

Supports, absorbs shock, at the ends of bone

dense fibrous connective tissue

attaches bones to bones and muscles to bones

Adipose

fat tissue

Squamous

flat and scaly

Simple Cubodial Epithelial Tissue

single layer of cube-shaped cells

Stratified

Cells stacked on top of each other, some don't touch the basement membrane.

Cuboidal

Cubed Shaped

Which cell clean up cellular debris and bacteria in a wound? a. White blood cells b. Fibroblasts c. Epithelial Cells d. Red blood cells

White Blood Cells

Exocrine Gland

a gland that secretes its product into a duct, which ultimately carries the product to the surface of the body or into a body cavity. Example: sweat glands

Which tissue helps to insulate the body to conserve body heat? a. Adipose b. Reticular c.Areolar d. Fascia

a. Adipose

Which connective tissue fiber is most abundant in the human body? a. Collagenous fibers b. Elastic fibers c. Areolar fibers d. Adipose fibers

a. Collagenous fibers

Mucous membrane arise from which layer of the fertilized egg? a. Endoderm b. Mesoderm c. Ectoderm

a. Endoderm

What is the main difference between exocrine and endocrine glands? a. Exocrine glands secrete substances into ducts, and endocrine glands secrete substances into the bloodstream b. Endocrine glands secrete substances into ducts, and exocrine glands secrete substances into the bloodstream c. Exocrine glands secrete hormones, and endocrine glands secrete tears, sweat, and gastric juices d. Exocrine and endocrine glands secrete hormones, but only exocrine glands secrete tears, sweat, gastric juices

a. Exocrine glands secrete substances into ducts, and endocrine glands secrete substances into the bloodstream

Which type of epithelium lines alveoli, and what is its function? a. Simple squamous epithelium to allow for diffusion b. Stratified squamous epithelium to provide protection c. Simple columnar, to secrete mucus d. Transitional epithelium, to allow for stretching

a. Simple squamous epithelium to allow for diffusion

What are the main structures of a neuron? a. Soma, axon, dendrite b. Soma, neurogila, dendrite, axon c. Nucleus, dendrite, axon d. Soma, organelle. dendrite

a. Soma, axon, dendrite

What cells can develop into many different cell types? a. stem cells b. chameleon cells c. undeveloped cells d. foundational cells

a. stem cells

Which part of the neuron transmits impulses to other cells? a. Neuroglia b. Axon c. Dendrite d. Soma

b. Axon

Which statement accurately describes the most important difference between cardiac and smooth muscles? a. Smooth muscle is under voluntary control, whereas cardiac muscle is not b. Cardiac muscle has special junctions called intercalated discs that smooth muscle does not c. Smooth muscle has no role in controlling blood pressure, whereas cardiac muscle does d. Cardiac muscle is found in blood vessels, whereas smooth muscle is found in other organ systems, such as the respiratory and digestive tracts

b. Cardiac muscle has special junctions called intercalated discs that smooth muscle does not

Bone, muscle and blood arise from which layer of the fertilized egg? a. Endoderm b. Mesoderm c. Ectoderm

b. Mesoderm

Which membranes line body surfaces that open directly to the body's exterior? a. Cutaneous b. Mucous c. Serous d. Exocrine

b. Mucous

Which type of epithelial tissue lines the digestive tract where it secretes mucus from its goblet cells? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple columnar epithelium c. Stratified squamous epithelium d. Simple cuboidal epithelium

b. Simple columnar epithelium

Which type of fibers are found in connective tissue? a. Fibrous, reticular, areolar, and elastic fibers b. Areolar, reticular, and collagenous fibers c. Collagenous, reticular, and elastic fibers d. Collagenous, reticular, areolar, and adipose fibers

c. Collagenous, reticular, and elastic fibers

The nervous system arises from which layer of fertilized egg? a. Endoderm b. Mesoderm c. Ectoderm

c. Ectoderm

Which glands secrete their products into ducts that empty onto the body surface? a. Endocrine b. Goblet c. Exocrine d. Matrix

c. Exocrine

What are the four categories of tissue? a. Neutral, muscular, cardiac, and connective b. Vascular, neural, bone, and cardiac c. Neural, connective, muscular, and epithelial d. Epithelial, connective, muscular, and bone

c. Neural, connective, muscular, and epithelial

The basic types of connective tissue are: a. tendons, cartilage, bone, and blood b. loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, bone, and blood c. fibrous connective, cartilage, bone, and blood d. collagen, cartilage, epithelium, and blood

c. fibrous connective, cartilage, bone, and blood

What is a unique feature of transitional epithelium? a. it can form small, mucous-secreting vesicles called goblet cells b. it can change into any type of epithelial tissue c. it can stretch to accommodate changes in bladder size d. it is stronger than other types of epithelium

c. it can stretch to accommodate changes in bladder size

Columnar

cylindrical, tall

Which statement describes the function of simple squamous epithelium? a. Strong, flexible fibers that resist stretching b. Helps insulate the body to conserve heat c. Joined by intercalated discs d. Allows for ready diffusion because of thinness

d. Allows for ready diffusion because of thinness

Which tissue is the most widespread and varied of all the tissues? a. Nervous b. Muscular c. Epithelial d. Connective

d. Connective

Which tissue covers the body's surface and lines body cavities and many organs? a. Epithelial Muscous Membranes b. Epidermal Tissue c. Connective d. Epithelial

d. Epithelial

Which of the following statements about epithelial tissue is true? a. Epithelial tissue has a rich blood supply, which is why superficial wounds tend to heal quickly b. Epithelial tissue has a poor blood supply, which helps control excess bleeding when it is damaged, such as from a cut or scrape. c. Epithelial tissue has an adequate blood supply; however, during tissue repair, when the demand for oxygen and nutrients is high, the connective tissue beneath can furnish it with additional blood. d. Epithelial tissue has no blood supply and depends completely on the connective tissue beneath it to supply it with oxygen and nutrients.

d. Epithelial tissue has no blood supply and depends completely on the connective tissue beneath it to supply it with oxygen and nutrients

Which type of cartilage makes up discs in the vertebrae? a. Hyaline b. Elastic c. Membranous d. Fibrocartilage

d. Fibrocartilage

What characteristic distinguishes connective tissue from other types of tissue? a. Its variety of cell shapes b. Its ability to stretch c. Its lack of blood supply d. Its extracellular matrix

d. Its extracellular matrix

Skeletal muscle is known by what other names? a. Vascular and involuntary b. Striated and involuntary c. Autonomic and smooth d. Striated and voluntary

d. Striated and voluntary

Blood is considered connective tissue because: a. it connects everything in the body b. it has collagenous fibers c. it contains many types of cells d. it has an extracellular matrix

d. it has an extracellular matrix

Which type of epithelial tissue lines the digestive tract where it secretes mucus from its goblet cells? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple columnar epithelium c. it contains many types of cells d. it has an extracellular matrix

d. it has an extracellular matrix

Which is the defining feature of nervous tissue? a. it consists of cells b. It is found only in the brain c. it is found only in the spinal cord d. it is very excitable

d. it is very excitable

The type of healing that occurs when damaged tissue heals and is replaced by new, functional tissue is called: a. fibrosis b. granulation c. ossification d. regeneration

d. regeneration

Which cells protect and support neurons? a. Neurocytes b. Neuroblasts c. Neuroma d.Neurogila

d.Neurogila

What makes up the extracellular matrix of blood? a. Blood cells b. Reticular fibers c. Collagenous fibers d.Plasma

d.Plasma

What are the key functions of epithelium? a. Protection, secretion, conduction, filtration b. Absorption, secretion, conduction, protection c. Protection, contraction, absorption, diffusion d.Protection, absorption, filtration, secretion

d.Protection, absorption, filtration, secretion

Smooth muscle: a. is composed of soma, a muscle fiber b. attaches to major bones c. forms the heart muscle d.lines the digestive tract and controls blood vessel diameter

d.lines the digestive tract and controls blood vessel diameter

Simple Columar Epithelium

is made up of a single layer of tall cells that fit closely together

Skeletal muscle

striated and voluntary, provides body movement