Chapter 5: Tissue Anatomy and Physiology
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
tissue that consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in ducts of certain glands and the upper respiratory tract
Blood
transport system, all fluid
Areolar
wraps and cushions organs
Bone
Calcium, provides support
Which tissue is a continuous sheet of tightly packed cells and covers the body's surface, lines body cavities and many of its organs, and forms certain glands? a. Connective Tissue b. Muscle Tissue c. Epithelial Tissue d. Squamous Tissue
Epithelial Tissue
Four types of tissue
Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscular
Simple
Every cell touches the basement membrane
Four types of connective tissue
Fiberous, Cartilage, blood, bone
Reticular
Framework, network of fiber
Endocrine Gland
Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream
Smooth Muscle
Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body
Cardiac Muscle
Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.
Epithelial tissue only has only one layer of tissue called:
Simple
Simple squamous epithelial
Single layer of flat, scale-like cells.
In what type of epithelia do some cells stack on top of other cells but not touch the basement membrane? a. Stratified b.Simple c. Cuboidal d. Squamous
Stratified
Cartilage
Supports, absorbs shock, at the ends of bone
dense fibrous connective tissue
attaches bones to bones and muscles to bones
Adipose
fat tissue
Squamous
flat and scaly
Simple Cubodial Epithelial Tissue
single layer of cube-shaped cells
Stratified
Cells stacked on top of each other, some don't touch the basement membrane.
Cuboidal
Cubed Shaped
Which cell clean up cellular debris and bacteria in a wound? a. White blood cells b. Fibroblasts c. Epithelial Cells d. Red blood cells
White Blood Cells
Exocrine Gland
a gland that secretes its product into a duct, which ultimately carries the product to the surface of the body or into a body cavity. Example: sweat glands
Which tissue helps to insulate the body to conserve body heat? a. Adipose b. Reticular c.Areolar d. Fascia
a. Adipose
Which connective tissue fiber is most abundant in the human body? a. Collagenous fibers b. Elastic fibers c. Areolar fibers d. Adipose fibers
a. Collagenous fibers
Mucous membrane arise from which layer of the fertilized egg? a. Endoderm b. Mesoderm c. Ectoderm
a. Endoderm
What is the main difference between exocrine and endocrine glands? a. Exocrine glands secrete substances into ducts, and endocrine glands secrete substances into the bloodstream b. Endocrine glands secrete substances into ducts, and exocrine glands secrete substances into the bloodstream c. Exocrine glands secrete hormones, and endocrine glands secrete tears, sweat, and gastric juices d. Exocrine and endocrine glands secrete hormones, but only exocrine glands secrete tears, sweat, gastric juices
a. Exocrine glands secrete substances into ducts, and endocrine glands secrete substances into the bloodstream
Which type of epithelium lines alveoli, and what is its function? a. Simple squamous epithelium to allow for diffusion b. Stratified squamous epithelium to provide protection c. Simple columnar, to secrete mucus d. Transitional epithelium, to allow for stretching
a. Simple squamous epithelium to allow for diffusion
What are the main structures of a neuron? a. Soma, axon, dendrite b. Soma, neurogila, dendrite, axon c. Nucleus, dendrite, axon d. Soma, organelle. dendrite
a. Soma, axon, dendrite
What cells can develop into many different cell types? a. stem cells b. chameleon cells c. undeveloped cells d. foundational cells
a. stem cells
Which part of the neuron transmits impulses to other cells? a. Neuroglia b. Axon c. Dendrite d. Soma
b. Axon
Which statement accurately describes the most important difference between cardiac and smooth muscles? a. Smooth muscle is under voluntary control, whereas cardiac muscle is not b. Cardiac muscle has special junctions called intercalated discs that smooth muscle does not c. Smooth muscle has no role in controlling blood pressure, whereas cardiac muscle does d. Cardiac muscle is found in blood vessels, whereas smooth muscle is found in other organ systems, such as the respiratory and digestive tracts
b. Cardiac muscle has special junctions called intercalated discs that smooth muscle does not
Bone, muscle and blood arise from which layer of the fertilized egg? a. Endoderm b. Mesoderm c. Ectoderm
b. Mesoderm
Which membranes line body surfaces that open directly to the body's exterior? a. Cutaneous b. Mucous c. Serous d. Exocrine
b. Mucous
Which type of epithelial tissue lines the digestive tract where it secretes mucus from its goblet cells? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple columnar epithelium c. Stratified squamous epithelium d. Simple cuboidal epithelium
b. Simple columnar epithelium
Which type of fibers are found in connective tissue? a. Fibrous, reticular, areolar, and elastic fibers b. Areolar, reticular, and collagenous fibers c. Collagenous, reticular, and elastic fibers d. Collagenous, reticular, areolar, and adipose fibers
c. Collagenous, reticular, and elastic fibers
The nervous system arises from which layer of fertilized egg? a. Endoderm b. Mesoderm c. Ectoderm
c. Ectoderm
Which glands secrete their products into ducts that empty onto the body surface? a. Endocrine b. Goblet c. Exocrine d. Matrix
c. Exocrine
What are the four categories of tissue? a. Neutral, muscular, cardiac, and connective b. Vascular, neural, bone, and cardiac c. Neural, connective, muscular, and epithelial d. Epithelial, connective, muscular, and bone
c. Neural, connective, muscular, and epithelial
The basic types of connective tissue are: a. tendons, cartilage, bone, and blood b. loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, bone, and blood c. fibrous connective, cartilage, bone, and blood d. collagen, cartilage, epithelium, and blood
c. fibrous connective, cartilage, bone, and blood
What is a unique feature of transitional epithelium? a. it can form small, mucous-secreting vesicles called goblet cells b. it can change into any type of epithelial tissue c. it can stretch to accommodate changes in bladder size d. it is stronger than other types of epithelium
c. it can stretch to accommodate changes in bladder size
Columnar
cylindrical, tall
Which statement describes the function of simple squamous epithelium? a. Strong, flexible fibers that resist stretching b. Helps insulate the body to conserve heat c. Joined by intercalated discs d. Allows for ready diffusion because of thinness
d. Allows for ready diffusion because of thinness
Which tissue is the most widespread and varied of all the tissues? a. Nervous b. Muscular c. Epithelial d. Connective
d. Connective
Which tissue covers the body's surface and lines body cavities and many organs? a. Epithelial Muscous Membranes b. Epidermal Tissue c. Connective d. Epithelial
d. Epithelial
Which of the following statements about epithelial tissue is true? a. Epithelial tissue has a rich blood supply, which is why superficial wounds tend to heal quickly b. Epithelial tissue has a poor blood supply, which helps control excess bleeding when it is damaged, such as from a cut or scrape. c. Epithelial tissue has an adequate blood supply; however, during tissue repair, when the demand for oxygen and nutrients is high, the connective tissue beneath can furnish it with additional blood. d. Epithelial tissue has no blood supply and depends completely on the connective tissue beneath it to supply it with oxygen and nutrients.
d. Epithelial tissue has no blood supply and depends completely on the connective tissue beneath it to supply it with oxygen and nutrients
Which type of cartilage makes up discs in the vertebrae? a. Hyaline b. Elastic c. Membranous d. Fibrocartilage
d. Fibrocartilage
What characteristic distinguishes connective tissue from other types of tissue? a. Its variety of cell shapes b. Its ability to stretch c. Its lack of blood supply d. Its extracellular matrix
d. Its extracellular matrix
Skeletal muscle is known by what other names? a. Vascular and involuntary b. Striated and involuntary c. Autonomic and smooth d. Striated and voluntary
d. Striated and voluntary
Blood is considered connective tissue because: a. it connects everything in the body b. it has collagenous fibers c. it contains many types of cells d. it has an extracellular matrix
d. it has an extracellular matrix
Which type of epithelial tissue lines the digestive tract where it secretes mucus from its goblet cells? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple columnar epithelium c. it contains many types of cells d. it has an extracellular matrix
d. it has an extracellular matrix
Which is the defining feature of nervous tissue? a. it consists of cells b. It is found only in the brain c. it is found only in the spinal cord d. it is very excitable
d. it is very excitable
The type of healing that occurs when damaged tissue heals and is replaced by new, functional tissue is called: a. fibrosis b. granulation c. ossification d. regeneration
d. regeneration
Which cells protect and support neurons? a. Neurocytes b. Neuroblasts c. Neuroma d.Neurogila
d.Neurogila
What makes up the extracellular matrix of blood? a. Blood cells b. Reticular fibers c. Collagenous fibers d.Plasma
d.Plasma
What are the key functions of epithelium? a. Protection, secretion, conduction, filtration b. Absorption, secretion, conduction, protection c. Protection, contraction, absorption, diffusion d.Protection, absorption, filtration, secretion
d.Protection, absorption, filtration, secretion
Smooth muscle: a. is composed of soma, a muscle fiber b. attaches to major bones c. forms the heart muscle d.lines the digestive tract and controls blood vessel diameter
d.lines the digestive tract and controls blood vessel diameter
Simple Columar Epithelium
is made up of a single layer of tall cells that fit closely together
Skeletal muscle
striated and voluntary, provides body movement