chapter 5 unit test

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every

90 minutes

Which of the following is evidence for cultural influences on sleep patterns?

People in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer.

After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing

REM sleep

Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with

REM sleep.

What is most likely to occur when the brain is repeatedly flooded with artificial opiates?

The brain stops producing endorphins.

Compulsive craving for and use of a drug is an indication of

addiction

Which of the following is a common symptom of nicotine withdrawal?

anxiety

Sodium pentothal has sometimes been called a '<truth serum" because it relaxes people and enables them to more freely disclose personally embarrassing experiences. It is most likely that sodium pentothal is a(n)

barbiturate.

Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal, drugs prescribed to reduce insomnia, are

barbiturates

Those who emphasize that mood fluctuations may be indicative of seasonal affective disorder are highlighting the importance of

biological rhythms.

To move beyond the "hypnosis is social influence" versus "hypnosis is divided consciousness" debate, today's hypnosis researchers are using a unified approach.

biopsychosocial

Which of the following psychoactive drugs is most likely to impair people's ability to sleep?

caffeine

After four years of working nights, Raymond now works days. His present difficulty in getting to sleep at night is most likely due to a disruption of his normal

circadian rhythm.

People become unresponsive to hypnosis if told that those who are highly gullible are easily hypnotized. This fact is most consistent with the theory that hypnosis involves

conscious role-playing.

Alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memory by

decreasing REM sleep.

Drugs such as alcohol and opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions are called

depressants.

The divided-consciousness theory of hypnosis states that hypnosis involves

dissociation

Evidence that people in a posthypnotic state have no difficulty remembering everything they had learned while under hypnosis would most clearly serve to challenge

dissociation theory.

One theory suggests that the brain activity associated with is helpful for developing and preserving neural pathways in the brain.

dreaming

The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to

feel powerless to overcome the addiction.

Research suggests that an important factor contributing to drug abuse by youth and young adults is

feeling that one's life is meaningless.

After sleeping for about an hour and a halt: Jose enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to

have very relaxed muscles.

Advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that

hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects.

Traffic accident rates have been found to after the spring change to daylight savings time and to after the fall change back to standard time.

increase; decrease

Josef, a high school student, tells his therapist that he has had a recurring dream in which he hunts and kills a ferocious tiger. The therapist explains that the dream reflects Josef's unresolved feelings of hostility toward his father. According to Freud, the therapist is revealing the possible content of Josef's dream.

latent

Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its content.

manifest

Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the content of his dream.

manifest

Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that

many people are able to stop using addictive drugs without professional help.

Mrs. Roberts, who suffers from AIDS, has been given an ordinarily illegal drug at the university hospital. Considering her specific medical condition, it is likely that she has received

marijuana

Regular users of may achieve a high with smaller amounts of the drug than occasional users.

marijuana

THC, the active ingredient in , is classified as a

marijuana; hallucinogen

By 1960, the study of consciousness had been revived by psychologists' renewed interest in

mental processes.

Which of the following sleep disorders would be the most incapacitating for a commercial bus driver?

narcolepsy

About three hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him., but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby suffers from

night terrors

Chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote

obesity

Consciousness is

our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.

Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of

physical dependence

Deep sleep appears to play an important role in

physical growth.

When subjected to a painful medical procedure without the benefit of an anesthetic, a hypnotized person is most likely to

show physiological activation of the sensory cortex.

Hypnotized people are no more likely to perform dangerous acts than those who are asked to simulate hypnosis. This fact is most consistent with

social influence theory.

The altered state of consciousness that is most similar to a drug-induced hallucination is

the near-death experience.

After suffering a trauma, people commonly report an increase in

threatening dreams.

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of

tolerance

The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called

withdrawal

How is the hypothalamus involved in sleep?

In response to decreasing light the hypothalamus' suprachiasmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading you to sleep.

What is the danger of labeling behaviors such as too much eating, shopping, exercise, sex, or gambling as addictions?

It can be used as an "all-purpose" excuse to explain away the behaviors.

An altered state of consciousness in which people experience fantastic images and often feel separated from their bodies is most closely associated with the use of

LSD

An altered state of consciousness similar to that of a near-death experience is most likely to result from the use of

LSD

The emotional tone of our dreams is especially likely to be influenced by activation of the during REM sleep.

Limbic system