CHAPTER 5
étymon
"original form"
logia
"study of"
Yes. Suupaamaaketto = supermarket
Can other languages borrow terms from English? If so, give an example.
No. They can have different meanings.
Do borrowed words always have the same meaning?
FALSE
When words change category through conversion, they do not change in meaning. True or false?
neologism
a new word in our language
hypocorism
a process in which a longer word is reduced to a single syllable, then -y or -ie is added to the end
infix
affix incorporated inside another word
prefixes
affixes added to the beginning of the word
suffixes
affixes added to the end of the word
conversion
change in the function of a word, as for example when a noun comes to be used as a verb (without any reduction) can be noun-to-verb or verb-to-noun
blending
combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term (typically ONLY THE BEGINNING OF ONE WORD JOINED TO THE END OF THE OTHER WORD)
loan-translation / calque
direct translation of the elements of a word into the borrowing language
acronyms
ex. CR, VCR, NATO, NASA, UNESCO, laser, radar, scuba
infix
ex. Hallebloodylujah!, Absogoddamlutely!, Un****inbelievable!
coinage
ex. aspirin, nylon, vaseline, zipper, granola, kleenex, teflon, xerox
compounding
ex. bookcase, doorknob, fingerprint, sunburn, textbook, good-looking, low-paid, fast-food
clipping
ex. fax, as, bra, cab, condo, fan
blending
ex. gasohol, smog, motrl
loan-translation / calque
ex. gratte-ciel (literally translates as "scrape-sky", wolkenkrabber ("cloud scratcher"), Wolkenkratzer ("cloud scraper") all for the English word skyscraper
eponyms
ex. hoover, sandwich, jeans, fahrenheit, volt, watt
hypocorism
ex. movie, telly, Aussie, barbie, brekky
borrowing
ex. piano, croissant, lilac, pretzel, tattoo, tycoon, yogurt
backformation
ex. televise, emote, donate, liaise, babysit
conversion
ex. to bottle, to butter, to chair, printout, takeover
coinage
invention of totally new terms
compounding
joining of two separate words to produce a single form
Kamhmu
language spoken in South East Asia that provides a better set of examples of infixes
derivation
most common word-formation process in English accomplished by means of a large number of affixes
invented trade names for commercial products
most typical sources of coinae
eponym
new word(s) based on the name of a person or place
acronyms
new words formed from the initial letters of a set of other eords
"category change", "functional shift"
other words for conversion
analogy
process whereby new words are formed to be similar in some way to existing words ex. yuppie
affixes
small "bits" of the English language which are not usually given separate listings in dictionaries
etymology
study of the origin and history of a word
borrowing
taking over of words from other languages
new products and concepts (ebay) and new activities ("Have you tried ebaying it?")
usual sources of coinage
clipping
when a word of more than one syllable is reduced to a shorter form
backformation
when a word of one type (usually a noun) is reduced to form a word of another type (usually a verb)
multiple processes
when more than one word process occurs on a word
