CHAPTER 5

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étymon

"original form"

logia

"study of"

Yes. Suupaamaaketto = supermarket

Can other languages borrow terms from English? If so, give an example.

No. They can have different meanings.

Do borrowed words always have the same meaning?

FALSE

When words change category through conversion, they do not change in meaning. True or false?

neologism

a new word in our language

hypocorism

a process in which a longer word is reduced to a single syllable, then -y or -ie is added to the end

infix

affix incorporated inside another word

prefixes

affixes added to the beginning of the word

suffixes

affixes added to the end of the word

conversion

change in the function of a word, as for example when a noun comes to be used as a verb (without any reduction) can be noun-to-verb or verb-to-noun

blending

combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term (typically ONLY THE BEGINNING OF ONE WORD JOINED TO THE END OF THE OTHER WORD)

loan-translation / calque

direct translation of the elements of a word into the borrowing language

acronyms

ex. CR, VCR, NATO, NASA, UNESCO, laser, radar, scuba

infix

ex. Hallebloodylujah!, Absogoddamlutely!, Un****inbelievable!

coinage

ex. aspirin, nylon, vaseline, zipper, granola, kleenex, teflon, xerox

compounding

ex. bookcase, doorknob, fingerprint, sunburn, textbook, good-looking, low-paid, fast-food

clipping

ex. fax, as, bra, cab, condo, fan

blending

ex. gasohol, smog, motrl

loan-translation / calque

ex. gratte-ciel (literally translates as "scrape-sky", wolkenkrabber ("cloud scratcher"), Wolkenkratzer ("cloud scraper") all for the English word skyscraper

eponyms

ex. hoover, sandwich, jeans, fahrenheit, volt, watt

hypocorism

ex. movie, telly, Aussie, barbie, brekky

borrowing

ex. piano, croissant, lilac, pretzel, tattoo, tycoon, yogurt

backformation

ex. televise, emote, donate, liaise, babysit

conversion

ex. to bottle, to butter, to chair, printout, takeover

coinage

invention of totally new terms

compounding

joining of two separate words to produce a single form

Kamhmu

language spoken in South East Asia that provides a better set of examples of infixes

derivation

most common word-formation process in English accomplished by means of a large number of affixes

invented trade names for commercial products

most typical sources of coinae

eponym

new word(s) based on the name of a person or place

acronyms

new words formed from the initial letters of a set of other eords

"category change", "functional shift"

other words for conversion

analogy

process whereby new words are formed to be similar in some way to existing words ex. yuppie

affixes

small "bits" of the English language which are not usually given separate listings in dictionaries

etymology

study of the origin and history of a word

borrowing

taking over of words from other languages

new products and concepts (ebay) and new activities ("Have you tried ebaying it?")

usual sources of coinage

clipping

when a word of more than one syllable is reduced to a shorter form

backformation

when a word of one type (usually a noun) is reduced to form a word of another type (usually a verb)

multiple processes

when more than one word process occurs on a word


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