Hybridization

What comes after the sp3 hybridized orbital?

sp3d

When you have 5 sigma bonds what do you get?

sp3d

What comes after the sp3d hybridized orbital?

sp3d2

When you have 6 sigma bonds what do you get?

sp3d2

When you have 3 sigma bonds, what do you get? What is the electron geometry?

• 3 sigma bonds, 1 pi bond: sp2 - trigonal planar

When you have 4 sigma bonds, what do you get? What is the electron geometry?

• 4 sigma bonds: sp3 - tetrahedral

What are all double bonds?

• All double bonds are one sigma bond and one pi bond

Which bonds are sigma bonds?

• All single bonds are sigma bond

What electron geometry do all sp2 hybridized atoms have? Why?

• All sp2 hybridized atoms have an electron geometry of trigonal planar, because the orbitals form 120 degrees

What shape are all sp3 hybridized atoms?

• All sp3 hybridized atoms are tetrahedral

What are all triple bonds?

• All triple bonds are 1 sigma and two pi bonds

What does each sigma bond require? Can you have a sigma bond if the orbital is not hybridized? What is the exception and why?

• Each sigma bond requires a hybridized orbital ; you cannot have a sigma bond if the orbital is not hybridized, except hydrogen since it only has a 1s orbital

What is the electron geometry of all sp hybridized atoms?

• Electron geometry of all sp hybridized atoms is linear

Do single bonds involve hybridization? If yes, why?

• If it is a single bond, it must involve a hybridized orbital because that single bond is an end to end overlap, and overlapping 2 orbitals and an end, the s and the p orbitals overlap, creating a sigma bond

What do you need in order to make a double or triple bond?

• In order to make a double or triple bond, there must be p orbitals that are parallel

Where do lone pairs always go?

• Lone pairs on any atom go only in hybridized orbitals

What is a pi bond?

• Pi bond: double (1pi) /triple bond (2pi), or 2 double bonds (2pi)

What is a sigma bond?

• Sigma bond: type of bond involved in single bonds

What dictated the molecular geometry of an atom?

• The hybridization of the central atom dictates the molecular/electron geometry

When can you ever have 6 bonds?

• The only time you can have 6 bonds is in the atoms that can hold more than 8 electrons

What is hybridization?

• When orbitals interact with each other and form hybrid orbitals that are mixes of different orbitals

Can you have a hybridized P orbital? Why or why not?

• You can't have a hybridized p orbital because the angles of an sp orbital do not allow the orbitals to be parallel, and the angles of an sp2 orbital do not allow the orbitals to be parallel

What do you need for hybridization to occur?

• You must start with pure orbitals for hybridization to occur

What do you need to make a pi bond?

• You need two hybridized p orbitals to make a pi bond

What do lone pairs add to an atom?

• lone pairs add sigma bonds

When you have 2 sigma bonds, what do you get? What is the electron geometry?

• 2 sigma bonds, 2 pi bonds: sp - linear