Chapter 5 world history

Signs of Roman decline were manifested by

A series of civil wars and barbarian invasions

Roman military commanders

Became deeply involved in politics after 133 BCE

Constantine's "New Rome" was established at the site of ancient

Byzantium

Roman antagonism toward Christianity was deepened by

Christian rejection of Roman religious practices.

The first Christian Emperor of the Roman Empire was

Constantine

Which of the following were among the Jewish population of Judea?

Essenes

In the early Roman Empire, upper-class Roman women were excluded from public life and lost privileges and responsibilities they had obtained during the earlier Republic.

F

Julius Caesar's greatest military conquest was in North Africa, where he established the Roman province of "Africa."

F

The Edict of Milan (313 C.E.) was an attempt to outlaw Christianity and bring back the worship of the old Roman gods.

F

​In reaction to the overwhelming influence of Greek philosophy, the Romans turned to Etruscan and Egyptian models for inspiration in artistic matters.

F

Which of the following is a true statement about the centuriate assembly?

It had the responsibilities of electing the chief magistrates and passing legislation.

The founder of the Han dynasty was

Liu Bang

The Roman general who began a new system of military recruitment that made soldiers loyal to their general and not the Senate was

Marius

During the Han dynasty

Merchants brought Buddhism to China for the first time

In comparison to Han China, in the Roman Empire

Merchants were more highly regarded

In addition to the inventing of the rudder and fore-and-aft rigging, another significant Chinese invention of the Han era was

Paper

​The key figure in the spread of Christianity outside the Jewish community was

Paul of Tarsus.

The Roman general who returned from Spain as a military hero in 71 B.C.E. was

Pompey

Diocletian and Constantine restored the dictatorial control to shore up the Roman Empire in the late third and fourth centuries C.E.

T

In much the same way as the Germanic invasions crippled the Western Roman Empire, the Han dynasty suffered from the incursion of the nomadic Xiongnu from Central Asia

T

Italy had fewer rugged mountains and possessed more productive agricultural lands than Greece.

T

​In the 130s and 120s B.C.E., Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus advocated the seizure of the large estates owned by the aristocracy and then distribute the lands to landless Romans.

T

​The Pax Romana was among the chief benefits of Roman rule during the first and second centuries C.E.

T

​The civil service examination reflected the Confucius philosophy of the Han dynasty.

T

Under ____, Christianity was made the official religion of the Roman Empire.

Theodosius

The defenders of the plebeians were known as the

Tribunes

​The greatest epic poet of the Late Republic was

Virgil.

​A development during the period of Julio-Claudian rule was that emperors

acted more openly as real rulers than as "first citizens of the state."

In addition to the construction of massive buildings, the Romans also built

aqueducts

The chief executive officers of the Roman Republic who were responsible for leading the Roman army into battle and administering the government were the

consuls

During the centuries of Roman history, from Republic to Empire, the paterfamilias' authority

decreased

Roman imperialism was characterized by

diplomacy, strategic fortifications, road construction, and allied military support

Crassus was killed in battle, Caesar defeated Pompey and was later assassinated, Octavian defeated Antony, who committed suicide, and Octavian attained sole power and was named Augustus. As a result of the preceding, the traditional Roman Republic

ended

​A fundamental difference between the Roman Empire and China's Han Empire was that the

essentials of the Han Empire were replicated by later dynasties but the Roman Empire disappeared except as an idea.

Octavian

established the praetorian guard to guard him and his successors.

The "good news" concerning Jesus was contained in the written

gospels

Roman Senate

had 300 members who were chosen for life

​A central aspect of early Roman conquest was that all conquered peoples

had an interest in the success of Rome, since they could improve their status by demonstrating their loyalty to their conquerors.

Although at the time of the first Han dynasty census, in 2 C.E., the population of China was estimated at sixty million, within two centuries the oppressive Han policies had reduced the population to:

less than twenty million.

Rome was

located on the plain of Latium.

​A the Zealots were

militant extremists who advocated the violent overthrow of Rome's rule.

Members of the aristocratic governing class in Rome were known as the

patricians

The basic message of Jesus of Nazareth was that

people should love God and each other

The success of Christianity is widely believed by historians to have been due to its

promise of salvation, its familiarity, and its universality.

Roman literature

reached it high point in the age of Augustus.

Third Punic War

resulted in Carthage being destroyed and its territory becoming a Roman province.

As it prospered, the early Roman Empire

saw the development of a large gap between rich and poor

The major stages of Roman imperial expansion before 100 B.C.E. included

the involvement and seizures of the Hellenistic kingdoms in the eastern Mediterranean

The third century C.E. was notable for all of the following except

the official adoption of Christianity as the religion of the empire

All of the following are correct about the Roman army by the fourth century B.C.E. except

the phalanxi formation was employed by the Romans.

Under the reigns of the five "good emperors"

the range of responsibilities that were affected by the policies of the emperors increased

Roman jurists were able to provide a systematic framework for Roman law because

they came to assume that natural law, or universal law, was based upon reason

Julius Caesar

was assassinated by leading senators convinced his death would restore the republic.

Traditional Roman religion

was based on the proper implementation of rituals by state priests.

The government of Rome

was originally a monarchy but later became a republic

First Punic War

was waged between Carthage and Rome over control of the island of Sicily.

Early Roman legends and tales

were incorporated into Livy's historical accounts to teach moral values and virtues.

The plebeians

were less privileged and often poorer than the patricians

Roman slaves

were never involved in agriculture but only in manufacturing enterprises.

The Second Punic War

won Spain for Rome and resulted in Roman control over the western Mediterranean