Chapter 6 7 8
A sharp object penetrated a synovial joint. From the following list of structures, select the order in which they were penetrated. (1) tendon or muscle (2) ligament (3) fibrous capsule (4) skin (5) synovial membrane
4, 1, 2, 3, 5
The largest bone in the thigh is the
Femur
Articulates cartilage
Provides a smooth surface where bones meet
Osteoarthritis is
The most common type of arthritis
Which of the following movements does not occur at the knee joint?
abduction
Which of the following is not an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)
all of these are effects of PTH
Ligaments attach
bone to bone
Which bone is involved in a broken tailbone?
coccyx
In which type of bone would osteons be present?
compact bone
Which type of bone is considered dense bone?
compact bone
synovial fluid
decreases friction between bones
A patient in a skiing accident is told that the lateral side of the ankle joint has been crushed. The bone that has been injured is the _________________
fibula
The lateral malleolus is part of the
fibula
The most common bone disease is osteoporosis. The most common consequence of this disease is
fractures
The glenoid cavity is where the
humerus articulates with the scapula
Abnormal forced extension beyond normal range of motion is called
hyperextension
The largest and most superior coxal bone is the
ilium
Which of the following does not occur due to the effects of aging on the joints?
increased production of synovial fluid
The fibrocartilage located between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae is the
intervertebral disk
The site where spinal nerves exit the vertebral column is the
intervertebral foramen
The sacroiliac joint is between the
sacrum and coxa.
The growth spurt seen in puberty is triggered by
sex hormones
The common name of the tibia is the
shinbone
Which of the following is correctly matched?
short bone - carpal bone
A tennis player goes to the doctor and is told he has a torn rotator cuff. He has injured his
shoulder
Some flat and irregular bones of the skull have air-filled spaces called
sinuses
The posterior, inferior projection from vertebrae is the
spinous process
In which type of bone would trabeculae be present?
spongy bone
Which type of bone appears porous?
spongy bone
Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to
store adipose tissue
The proportion of collagen to hydroxyapatite in bone determines the
strength of the bone
Joints are classified according to the
structure of the joint.
Which of the following joints is most movable?
synovial
Osteoarthritis usually is caused by
wear and tear of the joint.
The verebral column is part of the
Axial skeleton
ostermyelitis is
Bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection
The process of - is important to change shapes of bones, adjust to bone stress, replace old bone matrix and to facilitate repair of broken bone
Bone remodeling
An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the - of the bone
Diaphysis
Which of the following statements about bone growth is true?
Endochondral growth in long bones occurs at the epiphyseal plate
it is possible to determine if a child's long bone is growing by examining a radiograph of the
Epiphyseal plate
Ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum are called _ ribs.
False
Pain in a synovial joint such as the hip can occur because of irritation of the nerves in the
Fibrous capsule of the joint
The common name for the phalanges is the
Finger bones
Bones that are thin and have a broad curved shape are classified as
Flat bine
Bones are classified as one of four types, based on their shapes. The bones of the cranium are examples of
Flat bone
The opposite of extensive is
Flexion
The frontal bone is known as tge
Forehead
Which bone is involved in a lump on the forehead?
Frontal
What chemical stimulates infestitial cartilage and appositional bone growth?
Growth hormone
This condition is also known as humpback
Kyphosis
The primary function of osteoblasts is to
Lay down bone matrix
The synovial membrane
Lines the joint everywhere except over the articular cartilage
bones that are longer than they are wide and generally have enlarged ends for articulations are classified as
Long bone
The muscles that hold the humerus head within the glenoid cavity are collectively called the
Rotaror cuff
Which bone is involved in a compression fracture of the glenoid cavity?
Scapula
Twelve-year old Madeline has not experienced a bone growth spurt, meaning she is not yet producing which particular chemicals necessary for this to occur?
Sex hormones
Bone growth at the articulation cartilage is responsible for bone growth of
Short bones
The glenoid labrum is part of the - joint while the acetabular labrum is part of the - joint
Shoulder;hip
What condition is the failure of vertebrae laminate to fuse?
Spina bifida
The anterior boundary of the "rib cage" is the
Sternum
Which bone is involved in bruised breastbone?
Sternum
The junction of two public bones is the
Symphysis pubis
Which bone is involved in housing the inner ear?
Temporal
In the TMJ joint, the mandible articulates with the
Temporal bone
When comparing the female pelvis with the male pelvis, which of the following statements is false?
The female pelvis is heavier.
Which of the following is false?
The olecranon process is located on the distal end of the ulna
Which of the following ribs attaches to the sternum at the sternal angle?
The second
An example of a long bone would be
The tibia
Which of the following statements concerning bursae is true?
They are formed by an extension of the synovial membrane
The ribs articulate with the - vertebrae
Thoracic
Which bone is involved in a fracture of the shin bone?
Tibia
Which of the following is most distal in location on the humerus?
Trochlea
A young woman is in a car accident. When she regains consciousness, she noticed a sharp pain in her left arm. Looking down she sees a bone sticking out. This is a compound fracture
True
Which of the following movements is an example of extensive?
Using your finger to point out an area on a map
What chemical ingested or synthesized by the body is necessary for calcium absorption from the intestines?
Vitamin D
These are blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon and run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone
Volkmann canals
The common name of the check bone is the
Zygomatic
Which of the following does not influence the range of motion of a joint?
all of these influence range of motion
The upper limb and its girdle are attached rather loosely to the rest of the body. This arrangement
allows a wide range of movements.
Arthritis is
an inflammation of any joint.
The pelvic girdle and lower limb are part of the
appendicular skeleton
Synovial joints are different from both fibrous and cartilaginous joints because synovial joints
are enclosed by a joint capsule
Haversian systems or osteons
are the basic units in compact bone tissue.
What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?
articular cartilage
bone remodeling may occur
as bones grow, as bones adjust to stress, as fractures heal and constantly during a person's lifetime.
The first cervical vertebrae is the
atlas
The atlantoaxial joint is between the
atlas and axis
The common name for the sternum is the
breastbone
A movement through 360 degrees that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction is called
circumduction
The collar bone is the
clavicle
Which bone is involved in a broken collar bone?
clavicle
Spongy bone tissue
contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae.
The olecranon process of the ulna is commonly known as the
elbow
Shrugging the shoulders is an example
elevation
The opposite of depression is
elevation
Which of the following types of joints is mismatched with its location?
ellipsoid - between femur and tibia
Ossification that involves replacing cartilage with bone is
endochondral
What is the membrane that lines medullary cavity?
endosteum
What is the site of long bone growth?
epiphyseal plate
What is the end of a long bone?
epiphysis
Turning the ankle so that the plantar surface faces laterally is
eversion
The bone that articulates with the acetabulum is the
femur
The greater trochanter is found on the
femur
Which of the following is not a coxal bone?
femur
The flat bones of the skull develop from
fibrous connective tissue
A joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a
fibrous joint
Bowing the head is an example of
flexion
Which of the following is not a cartilaginous joint?
fontanelles
The type of movement between carpal bones is described as
gliding
A bone fracture in which the two bone sections do not separate is a(an)
hairline fracture
Woven bone
has its collagen fibers randomly oriented.
Which of the following parts of a rib articulates with the body of a vertebra?
head
What results from damage to annulus fibrosus and release of nucleus pulposus?
herniated disk
A boy grew rapidly and reached a height of 6'2" by the time he was 13. He had normal body proportions and sexual development was only slightly retarded. Which of the following caused his condition?
hypersecretion of growth hormone
A young boy (10 years old) exhibited the following symptoms: advanced development of secondary sexual characteristics and rapid growth. Which of the following caused his condition?
hypersecretion of testosterone
An example of a symphysis is the
intervertebral joint
The opposite of eversion is
inversion
The joint capsule
is a double layer of tissue that encloses a joint.
Lamellar bone
is organized into thin sheets of tissue.
How does the muscular system contribute to osteoporosis?
lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone
Moving the mandible to the side as when grinding the teeth is
lateral excursion
Bending the waist to one side is known as
lateral flexion
An exaggerated curvature of the lumbar region is
lordosis
Some marrow of long bones is termed "red" marrow. The function of red marrow is to
manufacture blood cells
Which bone is involved in a cleft palate?
maxilla
The stem cells of osteoclasts are
monocytes
The point of the elbows is the
olecranon process
Appositional growth deposits a new layer of bone
on the surface of the bone
When blood calcium levels are low
osteoclast activity increases
When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?
osteoclasts
Which of the following is correctly matched?
osteoclasts-responsible for reabsorption
The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the
osteocyte
What are the maintenance cells in the bone tissue?
osteocytes
Brittle bone disorder is another name for
osteogenesis imperfecta
Sam was a 60 year old man. As a result of picking up a heavy object he fractured the radius and ulna of his right arm. X-rays indicated that he had severe osteoporosis. His blood calcium levels were above normal and the pathologist found cancer cells that produced a hormone-like substance. That substance was most likely
parathyroid hormone
Which of the following is mismatched?
parathyroid hormone - increases calcium loss in the kidneys
Peter receives a blow to the front of the knee on the soccer field and collapses. The bruised bone is the ___________.
patella
The covering of the outer surface of bone is the
periosteum.
Standing on one's toes is an example of a movement called
plantar flexion
Which of the following pairs of terms are opposites?
plantar flexion and dorsiflexion
The sequence of events that produces growth at the epiphyseal plate is
proliferation, hypertrophy, calcification, cell death, ossification, and remodeling
Important functions of the skeleton system include
protection of the brain and soft organs
A pivot joint
restricts movement to rotation.
Moving the shoulders posteriorly so that the scapulae approach the vertebral column is an example of
retraction
Turning a structure around its longitudinal axis is called
rotation
Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly is called
supination
Most of the joints in the appendicular skeleton are
synovial
The inability to produce the fluid that keeps most joints moist indicates a disorder of the
synovial membrane
The coccyx is also called the
tailbone
A band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is a(n)
tendon
Rheumatoid arthritis is
A condition that may involve an autoimmune disease
osteomalacia is
A disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion
osteogenesis imperfecta is
A group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; occurs because of insufficient collagen development
Which of the following movements is possible at the hip or coxal joint?
All of these are possible
The auditory ossicles are part of the
Axial skeleton
Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of -,-,and - in the diet
Calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
Chondroblast produce ____?
Cartilage matrix
The radiologist informs Mathew that his fracture has not penetrated the skin, meaning Matthew has an
Closed fracture
The knee joint is an example of a - joint
Complex ellipsoid
Cartilage
Contains chondrocytes located in lacunae
One effect of aging on the skeletal system is
Decreased bone matrix and decreased collagen fibers are effects of aging.
The medical meniscus is in the
Knee
Which of the following statements regarding the temporomandibular (TMJ) joint is correct?
The joint is a combination plane and ellipsoidal joint.
The hyoid bone is part of the
axial skeleton
The wrist is composed of eight bones called ________.
carpal bones
What is the site of longitudinal growth in long bones?
epiphyseal plate
A bone fracture generally found in children that is incomplete is a
greenstick fracture
How does the digestive system contribute to osteoporosis?
inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet
The loss of height that occurs with aging is due to compression of the
intervertebral discs
The fibrous capsule
is a layer of tissue that is continuous with the periosteum.
The common name for the patella is the
knee cap
Spaces in the bone matrix that are occupied by osteocytes are
lacunae.
Gout is
metabolic disorder caused by increased uric acid in blood
The foot contains
metatarsals
Which of the following is not a carpal?
navicular
Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly is called
pronation
The opposite of supination is
pronation
The opposite of retraction is
protraction
If you break the lateral bone of your forearm, you have fractured your
radius
Returning the thumb to the anatomical position after touching the little finger is
reposition
Another name for the shoulder blade is the
scapula
The coracoid process is found on the
scapula
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is called
scoliosis
Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process are all parts of the
sternum
If an X-ray shows a black area in the region of the epiphyseal plate,
the epiphyseal plate has not completely ossified
Classify a vertebra with the following characteristics: (1) superior articular processes face posteriorly (2) circular vertebral foramen (3) long spinous processes
thoracic
If you stepped in a hole in the yard and sprained your ankle, you have
torn a ligament of the ankle
Interconnecting rods of bone are
trabeculae.
The humerus articulates with the ulna at the
trochlea
The symphysis pubis is between the
two pubic bones
The opening in vertebrae for the spinal cord is the
vertebral foramen
Osteoporosis is
A disease in adults especially women characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix
The anterior end of the iliac crest is
Anterior superior iliac spine
The clavicle is part of the axial
Appendicular skeleton
The sternum is part of the
Appendicular skeleton
Which of the following is a synovial joints?
Atlantic-oocipital
osteoclast activity would decrease when - levels are elevated
Calcitonin
The primary mineral in bone is
Calcium
Which type of bone cells lie in lacunae?
Osteocytes
The acromion process
Has an articulation with the clavicle
The cubical or elbow is an example of a - joint
Hinge
The coxal bone is known as the
Hip bone
A dislocated shoulder involves separation of the - from the scapula
Humerus
Which of the following is not a function of bone
Immunity
Miguel falls out a tree and breaks his arm by putting his arms out fracturing his radius and ulna. What specific type of bone fracture is Miguel most likely to have?
Impaction fracture
The zygomatic bone is an example of an
Irregular bone
Synovial fluid
Is a thin lubricanting film covering the surface of a joint
Which of the following is true of the condition?
It is caused by Normal skin bacterium and the condition involves inflammation of the bone
The thick fibrocartilage disks found in the knee joints are called
Menisci
The knuckles of the hand are formed by the distal ends of the
Metacarpals
Which of the following statements concerning the ankle joint is true?
Most common injuries to this joint occur because of a forceful inversion of the foot.
Which type of bone cells possess extensive ER and ribosomes?
Osteoblasts
Which of the following occurs in the formation of mineralized bone matrix?
Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans
Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?
Osteoclast
Which type of bone cell have ruffled borders and secrete acids?
Osteoclasts
Which type of bone cells are large cell that form from fusion of monocytes?
Osteoclasts
Which bone is involved in a broken knee?
Patella
A fractured coxal bone is more commonly called a fractured
Pelvis
A connective tissue sheath around cartilage is the
Perichondruim
Which bone is involved in a broken toe?
Phalanx
The joint between the head of the radius and the proximal end of the ulna is a - joint.
Pivot
Rickets is
a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones.
Lyme disease is
bacterial infection transmitted by ticks
This type of joint is multiaxial allowing a wide range of movement.
ball and socket
Which of the following joints is most movable?
ball and socket
The thumb and big toe are similar in that
both have two rather than three phalanges.
In a farm accident, a man has his arm severed midway between his wrist and his elbow. Which of the following bones was severed?
both the radius and the ulna
The heel of the foot is formed by the
calcaneus
Which bone is involved in heel spurs?
calcaneus
The humerus articulates with the radius at the
capitulum
A herniated disc occurs when
there is protrusion of the nucleus pulposus.
The Sagittarius suture is between the
two parietal bones
The olecranon process is found on the
ulna
Which bone is involved in a shattered olecranon process?
ulna
Those ribs that attach directly to the sternum are referred to as _____ ribs.
vertebrosternal