Chapter 6 7 8

A sharp object penetrated a synovial joint. From the following list of structures, select the order in which they were penetrated. (1) tendon or muscle (2) ligament (3) fibrous capsule (4) skin (5) synovial membrane

4, 1, 2, 3, 5

The largest bone in the thigh is the

Femur

Articulates cartilage

Provides a smooth surface where bones meet

Osteoarthritis is

The most common type of arthritis

Which of the following movements does not occur at the knee joint?

abduction

Which of the following is not an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)

all of these are effects of PTH

Ligaments attach

bone to bone

Which bone is involved in a broken tailbone?

coccyx

In which type of bone would osteons be present?

compact bone

Which type of bone is considered dense bone?

compact bone

synovial fluid

decreases friction between bones

A patient in a skiing accident is told that the lateral side of the ankle joint has been crushed. The bone that has been injured is the _________________

fibula

The lateral malleolus is part of the

fibula

The most common bone disease is osteoporosis. The most common consequence of this disease is

fractures

The glenoid cavity is where the

humerus articulates with the scapula

Abnormal forced extension beyond normal range of motion is called

hyperextension

The largest and most superior coxal bone is the

ilium

Which of the following does not occur due to the effects of aging on the joints?

increased production of synovial fluid

The fibrocartilage located between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae is the

intervertebral disk

The site where spinal nerves exit the vertebral column is the

intervertebral foramen

The sacroiliac joint is between the

sacrum and coxa.

The growth spurt seen in puberty is triggered by

sex hormones

The common name of the tibia is the

shinbone

Which of the following is correctly matched?

short bone - carpal bone

A tennis player goes to the doctor and is told he has a torn rotator cuff. He has injured his

shoulder

Some flat and irregular bones of the skull have air-filled spaces called

sinuses

The posterior, inferior projection from vertebrae is the

spinous process

In which type of bone would trabeculae be present?

spongy bone

Which type of bone appears porous?

spongy bone

Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to

store adipose tissue

The proportion of collagen to hydroxyapatite in bone determines the

strength of the bone

Joints are classified according to the

structure of the joint.

Which of the following joints is most movable?

synovial

Osteoarthritis usually is caused by

wear and tear of the joint.

The verebral column is part of the

Axial skeleton

ostermyelitis is

Bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection

The process of - is important to change shapes of bones, adjust to bone stress, replace old bone matrix and to facilitate repair of broken bone

Bone remodeling

An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the - of the bone

Diaphysis

Which of the following statements about bone growth is true?

Endochondral growth in long bones occurs at the epiphyseal plate

it is possible to determine if a child's long bone is growing by examining a radiograph of the

Epiphyseal plate

Ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum are called _ ribs.

False

Pain in a synovial joint such as the hip can occur because of irritation of the nerves in the

Fibrous capsule of the joint

The common name for the phalanges is the

Finger bones

Bones that are thin and have a broad curved shape are classified as

Flat bine

Bones are classified as one of four types, based on their shapes. The bones of the cranium are examples of

Flat bone

The opposite of extensive is

Flexion

The frontal bone is known as tge

Forehead

Which bone is involved in a lump on the forehead?

Frontal

What chemical stimulates infestitial cartilage and appositional bone growth?

Growth hormone

This condition is also known as humpback

Kyphosis

The primary function of osteoblasts is to

Lay down bone matrix

The synovial membrane

Lines the joint everywhere except over the articular cartilage

bones that are longer than they are wide and generally have enlarged ends for articulations are classified as

Long bone

The muscles that hold the humerus head within the glenoid cavity are collectively called the

Rotaror cuff

Which bone is involved in a compression fracture of the glenoid cavity?

Scapula

Twelve-year old Madeline has not experienced a bone growth spurt, meaning she is not yet producing which particular chemicals necessary for this to occur?

Sex hormones

Bone growth at the articulation cartilage is responsible for bone growth of

Short bones

The glenoid labrum is part of the - joint while the acetabular labrum is part of the - joint

Shoulder;hip

What condition is the failure of vertebrae laminate to fuse?

Spina bifida

The anterior boundary of the "rib cage" is the

Sternum

Which bone is involved in bruised breastbone?

Sternum

The junction of two public bones is the

Symphysis pubis

Which bone is involved in housing the inner ear?

Temporal

In the TMJ joint, the mandible articulates with the

Temporal bone

When comparing the female pelvis with the male pelvis, which of the following statements is false?

The female pelvis is heavier.

Which of the following is false?

The olecranon process is located on the distal end of the ulna

Which of the following ribs attaches to the sternum at the sternal angle?

The second

An example of a long bone would be

The tibia

Which of the following statements concerning bursae is true?

They are formed by an extension of the synovial membrane

The ribs articulate with the - vertebrae

Thoracic

Which bone is involved in a fracture of the shin bone?

Tibia

Which of the following is most distal in location on the humerus?

Trochlea

A young woman is in a car accident. When she regains consciousness, she noticed a sharp pain in her left arm. Looking down she sees a bone sticking out. This is a compound fracture

True

Which of the following movements is an example of extensive?

Using your finger to point out an area on a map

What chemical ingested or synthesized by the body is necessary for calcium absorption from the intestines?

Vitamin D

These are blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon and run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone

Volkmann canals

The common name of the check bone is the

Zygomatic

Which of the following does not influence the range of motion of a joint?

all of these influence range of motion

The upper limb and its girdle are attached rather loosely to the rest of the body. This arrangement

allows a wide range of movements.

Arthritis is

an inflammation of any joint.

The pelvic girdle and lower limb are part of the

appendicular skeleton

Synovial joints are different from both fibrous and cartilaginous joints because synovial joints

are enclosed by a joint capsule

Haversian systems or osteons

are the basic units in compact bone tissue.

What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?

articular cartilage

bone remodeling may occur

as bones grow, as bones adjust to stress, as fractures heal and constantly during a person's lifetime.

The first cervical vertebrae is the

atlas

The atlantoaxial joint is between the

atlas and axis

The common name for the sternum is the

breastbone

A movement through 360 degrees that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction is called

circumduction

The collar bone is the

clavicle

Which bone is involved in a broken collar bone?

clavicle

Spongy bone tissue

contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae.

The olecranon process of the ulna is commonly known as the

elbow

Shrugging the shoulders is an example

elevation

The opposite of depression is

elevation

Which of the following types of joints is mismatched with its location?

ellipsoid - between femur and tibia

Ossification that involves replacing cartilage with bone is

endochondral

What is the membrane that lines medullary cavity?

endosteum

What is the site of long bone growth?

epiphyseal plate

What is the end of a long bone?

epiphysis

Turning the ankle so that the plantar surface faces laterally is

eversion

The bone that articulates with the acetabulum is the

femur

The greater trochanter is found on the

femur

Which of the following is not a coxal bone?

femur

The flat bones of the skull develop from

fibrous connective tissue

A joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a

fibrous joint

Bowing the head is an example of

flexion

Which of the following is not a cartilaginous joint?

fontanelles

The type of movement between carpal bones is described as

gliding

A bone fracture in which the two bone sections do not separate is a(an)

hairline fracture

Woven bone

has its collagen fibers randomly oriented.

Which of the following parts of a rib articulates with the body of a vertebra?

head

What results from damage to annulus fibrosus and release of nucleus pulposus?

herniated disk

A boy grew rapidly and reached a height of 6'2" by the time he was 13. He had normal body proportions and sexual development was only slightly retarded. Which of the following caused his condition?

hypersecretion of growth hormone

A young boy (10 years old) exhibited the following symptoms: advanced development of secondary sexual characteristics and rapid growth. Which of the following caused his condition?

hypersecretion of testosterone

An example of a symphysis is the

intervertebral joint

The opposite of eversion is

inversion

The joint capsule

is a double layer of tissue that encloses a joint.

Lamellar bone

is organized into thin sheets of tissue.

How does the muscular system contribute to osteoporosis?

lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone

Moving the mandible to the side as when grinding the teeth is

lateral excursion

Bending the waist to one side is known as

lateral flexion

An exaggerated curvature of the lumbar region is

lordosis

Some marrow of long bones is termed "red" marrow. The function of red marrow is to

manufacture blood cells

Which bone is involved in a cleft palate?

maxilla

The stem cells of osteoclasts are

monocytes

The point of the elbows is the

olecranon process

Appositional growth deposits a new layer of bone

on the surface of the bone

When blood calcium levels are low

osteoclast activity increases

When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?

osteoclasts

Which of the following is correctly matched?

osteoclasts-responsible for reabsorption

The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the

osteocyte

What are the maintenance cells in the bone tissue?

osteocytes

Brittle bone disorder is another name for

osteogenesis imperfecta

Sam was a 60 year old man. As a result of picking up a heavy object he fractured the radius and ulna of his right arm. X-rays indicated that he had severe osteoporosis. His blood calcium levels were above normal and the pathologist found cancer cells that produced a hormone-like substance. That substance was most likely

parathyroid hormone

Which of the following is mismatched?

parathyroid hormone - increases calcium loss in the kidneys

Peter receives a blow to the front of the knee on the soccer field and collapses. The bruised bone is the ___________.

patella

The covering of the outer surface of bone is the

periosteum.

Standing on one's toes is an example of a movement called

plantar flexion

Which of the following pairs of terms are opposites?

plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

The sequence of events that produces growth at the epiphyseal plate is

proliferation, hypertrophy, calcification, cell death, ossification, and remodeling

Important functions of the skeleton system include

protection of the brain and soft organs

A pivot joint

restricts movement to rotation.

Moving the shoulders posteriorly so that the scapulae approach the vertebral column is an example of

retraction

Turning a structure around its longitudinal axis is called

rotation

Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly is called

supination

Most of the joints in the appendicular skeleton are

synovial

The inability to produce the fluid that keeps most joints moist indicates a disorder of the

synovial membrane

The coccyx is also called the

tailbone

A band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is a(n)

tendon

Rheumatoid arthritis is

A condition that may involve an autoimmune disease

osteomalacia is

A disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion

osteogenesis imperfecta is

A group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; occurs because of insufficient collagen development

Which of the following movements is possible at the hip or coxal joint?

All of these are possible

The auditory ossicles are part of the

Axial skeleton

Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of -,-,and - in the diet

Calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D

Chondroblast produce ____?

Cartilage matrix

The radiologist informs Mathew that his fracture has not penetrated the skin, meaning Matthew has an

Closed fracture

The knee joint is an example of a - joint

Complex ellipsoid

Cartilage

Contains chondrocytes located in lacunae

One effect of aging on the skeletal system is

Decreased bone matrix and decreased collagen fibers are effects of aging.

The medical meniscus is in the

Knee

Which of the following statements regarding the temporomandibular (TMJ) joint is correct?

The joint is a combination plane and ellipsoidal joint.

The hyoid bone is part of the

axial skeleton

The wrist is composed of eight bones called ________.

carpal bones

What is the site of longitudinal growth in long bones?

epiphyseal plate

A bone fracture generally found in children that is incomplete is a

greenstick fracture

How does the digestive system contribute to osteoporosis?

inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet

The loss of height that occurs with aging is due to compression of the

intervertebral discs

The fibrous capsule

is a layer of tissue that is continuous with the periosteum.

The common name for the patella is the

knee cap

Spaces in the bone matrix that are occupied by osteocytes are

lacunae.

Gout is

metabolic disorder caused by increased uric acid in blood

The foot contains

metatarsals

Which of the following is not a carpal?

navicular

Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly is called

pronation

The opposite of supination is

pronation

The opposite of retraction is

protraction

If you break the lateral bone of your forearm, you have fractured your

radius

Returning the thumb to the anatomical position after touching the little finger is

reposition

Another name for the shoulder blade is the

scapula

The coracoid process is found on the

scapula

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is called

scoliosis

Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process are all parts of the

sternum

If an X-ray shows a black area in the region of the epiphyseal plate,

the epiphyseal plate has not completely ossified

Classify a vertebra with the following characteristics: (1) superior articular processes face posteriorly (2) circular vertebral foramen (3) long spinous processes

thoracic

If you stepped in a hole in the yard and sprained your ankle, you have

torn a ligament of the ankle

Interconnecting rods of bone are

trabeculae.

The humerus articulates with the ulna at the

trochlea

The symphysis pubis is between the

two pubic bones

The opening in vertebrae for the spinal cord is the

vertebral foramen

Osteoporosis is

A disease in adults especially women characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix

The anterior end of the iliac crest is

Anterior superior iliac spine

The clavicle is part of the axial

Appendicular skeleton

The sternum is part of the

Appendicular skeleton

Which of the following is a synovial joints?

Atlantic-oocipital

osteoclast activity would decrease when - levels are elevated

Calcitonin

The primary mineral in bone is

Calcium

Which type of bone cells lie in lacunae?

Osteocytes

The acromion process

Has an articulation with the clavicle

The cubical or elbow is an example of a - joint

Hinge

The coxal bone is known as the

Hip bone

A dislocated shoulder involves separation of the - from the scapula

Humerus

Which of the following is not a function of bone

Immunity

Miguel falls out a tree and breaks his arm by putting his arms out fracturing his radius and ulna. What specific type of bone fracture is Miguel most likely to have?

Impaction fracture

The zygomatic bone is an example of an

Irregular bone

Synovial fluid

Is a thin lubricanting film covering the surface of a joint

Which of the following is true of the condition?

It is caused by Normal skin bacterium and the condition involves inflammation of the bone

The thick fibrocartilage disks found in the knee joints are called

Menisci

The knuckles of the hand are formed by the distal ends of the

Metacarpals

Which of the following statements concerning the ankle joint is true?

Most common injuries to this joint occur because of a forceful inversion of the foot.

Which type of bone cells possess extensive ER and ribosomes?

Osteoblasts

Which of the following occurs in the formation of mineralized bone matrix?

Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans

Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?

Osteoclast

Which type of bone cell have ruffled borders and secrete acids?

Osteoclasts

Which type of bone cells are large cell that form from fusion of monocytes?

Osteoclasts

Which bone is involved in a broken knee?

Patella

A fractured coxal bone is more commonly called a fractured

Pelvis

A connective tissue sheath around cartilage is the

Perichondruim

Which bone is involved in a broken toe?

Phalanx

The joint between the head of the radius and the proximal end of the ulna is a - joint.

Pivot

Rickets is

a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones.

Lyme disease is

bacterial infection transmitted by ticks

This type of joint is multiaxial allowing a wide range of movement.

ball and socket

Which of the following joints is most movable?

ball and socket

The thumb and big toe are similar in that

both have two rather than three phalanges.

In a farm accident, a man has his arm severed midway between his wrist and his elbow. Which of the following bones was severed?

both the radius and the ulna

The heel of the foot is formed by the

calcaneus

Which bone is involved in heel spurs?

calcaneus

The humerus articulates with the radius at the

capitulum

A herniated disc occurs when

there is protrusion of the nucleus pulposus.

The Sagittarius suture is between the

two parietal bones

The olecranon process is found on the

ulna

Which bone is involved in a shattered olecranon process?

ulna

Those ribs that attach directly to the sternum are referred to as _____ ribs.

vertebrosternal