Chapter 6-7
Which of the following is true about deviance?
ideas of deviance can change from one social context to another
Why is continuous contact among its members important for the formation of a primary group?
Close contact helps people in a primary group learn to work well together.
Which of the following is an example of coercion?
Guards use force against prisoners to make them complaint
Primary relationships are more likely to develop if the size of the group is small. What is the main reason for this fact?
It is easier to know individuals well when you are in a small group rather than in a large one.
How does primary deviance differ from secondary deviance?
Primary deviance is deviant behavior that only happens once in a while.
What does differential association theory emphasize?
The role of primary groups in transmitting deviance.
Which of the following is a characteristic of members of a group?
They have at least one interest or goal in common.
A state in which norms are weak, conflicting, or absent
anomie
Which of the following may arise from a lack of social norms?
anomie
A motel manager requires that all maids wear the same uniform or they will be fired. This is an example of
coercion
Which of the following would be considered socially-acceptable in an industrial society?
competing for a higher paying job
Explains that strong bonds between individuals and society reinforce social norms
control theory
Discouraging criminal acts by threats of punishment
deterrance
Behavior that departs from societal and group norms
deviance
A person who violates the norms of society
deviant
Which of the following is an example of an informal social sanction?
gossip
What occurs when people conform to social pressure and refuse to express their concerns?
groupthink
Explains why deviance is relative
labeling theory
Rejecting the norms of society
negative deviance
Over-conforming to the norms of society
positive deviance
Only occasional breaking of norms
primary deviance
Repetition of criminal behavior
recidivism
A student reads all about ballet dancers and admires their discipline and hard work. This an an example of a(n)
reference group
A young high-school dropout is sent to prison for repeated car theft. While in prison, the individual is helped to obtain his high-school equivalency diploma. This increases his chances of getting a good job when he is released, and is an example of
rehabilitation
A plumber has stolen thousands of dollars from individuals by installing substandard plumbing fixtures. The judge says that the plumber must pay for new fixtures for these people's homes. This is an example of
restitution
People reject the means and the goals of society
retreatism
People go through the motions without believing in the process
ritualism
Which of the following is an advantage of a bureaucracy?
rules promise at least a measure of equal treatment
When deviance becomes a lifestyle
secondary deviance
Thirty retired people who go on a two-week tour of Europe together are an example of a
secondary group
Ways to encourage conformity to societal norms
social control
Rewards of punishments that encourage conformity
social sanctions
Which of the following is/are frequently used to exert external social control?
social sanctions
An undesirable label that may adversely affect a person
stigma
The police and judicial courts are both part of
the criminal justice system
What is one characteristic of groups?
the members of a group tend to include insiders and outsiders
Reducing the seriousness of crimes against people of lower status
victim discounting
Job-related crimes committed by high-status people
white-collar crime
