Chapter 6-7

Which of the following is true about deviance?

ideas of deviance can change from one social context to another

Why is continuous contact among its members important for the formation of a primary group?

Close contact helps people in a primary group learn to work well together.

Which of the following is an example of coercion?

Guards use force against prisoners to make them complaint

Primary relationships are more likely to develop if the size of the group is small. What is the main reason for this fact?

It is easier to know individuals well when you are in a small group rather than in a large one.

How does primary deviance differ from secondary deviance?

Primary deviance is deviant behavior that only happens once in a while.

What does differential association theory emphasize?

The role of primary groups in transmitting deviance.

Which of the following is a characteristic of members of a group?

They have at least one interest or goal in common.

A state in which norms are weak, conflicting, or absent

anomie

Which of the following may arise from a lack of social norms?

anomie

A motel manager requires that all maids wear the same uniform or they will be fired. This is an example of

coercion

Which of the following would be considered socially-acceptable in an industrial society?

competing for a higher paying job

Explains that strong bonds between individuals and society reinforce social norms

control theory

Discouraging criminal acts by threats of punishment

deterrance

Behavior that departs from societal and group norms

deviance

A person who violates the norms of society

deviant

Which of the following is an example of an informal social sanction?

gossip

What occurs when people conform to social pressure and refuse to express their concerns?

groupthink

Explains why deviance is relative

labeling theory

Rejecting the norms of society

negative deviance

Over-conforming to the norms of society

positive deviance

Only occasional breaking of norms

primary deviance

Repetition of criminal behavior

recidivism

A student reads all about ballet dancers and admires their discipline and hard work. This an an example of a(n)

reference group

A young high-school dropout is sent to prison for repeated car theft. While in prison, the individual is helped to obtain his high-school equivalency diploma. This increases his chances of getting a good job when he is released, and is an example of

rehabilitation

A plumber has stolen thousands of dollars from individuals by installing substandard plumbing fixtures. The judge says that the plumber must pay for new fixtures for these people's homes. This is an example of

restitution

People reject the means and the goals of society

retreatism

People go through the motions without believing in the process

ritualism

Which of the following is an advantage of a bureaucracy?

rules promise at least a measure of equal treatment

When deviance becomes a lifestyle

secondary deviance

Thirty retired people who go on a two-week tour of Europe together are an example of a

secondary group

Ways to encourage conformity to societal norms

social control

Rewards of punishments that encourage conformity

social sanctions

Which of the following is/are frequently used to exert external social control?

social sanctions

An undesirable label that may adversely affect a person

stigma

The police and judicial courts are both part of

the criminal justice system

What is one characteristic of groups?

the members of a group tend to include insiders and outsiders

Reducing the seriousness of crimes against people of lower status

victim discounting

Job-related crimes committed by high-status people

white-collar crime