chapter 6

The concentric rings of bone produced are lamellae. osteons. osteoblasts. periosteum. endosteum.

lamellae.

Bone forming cells that produce collagen and proteoglycans and release matrix vesicles are osteogenic cells. osteoblasts. osteoclasts. osteocytes.

osteoblasts.

Bone building cells beneath the endosteum lay down bone to form ridges around a blood vessel. True False

F

Once a tunnel of bone is formed around a blood vessel, the bone building cells of the periosteum lay down bone in concentric circles that fill in the tunnel. True False

F

In __________ growth of cartilage, chondroblasts in the perichondrium add new cartilage to the outside edge of the existing cartilage. appositional interstitial intramembranous endochondral

appositional

Bones play an important role in regulating blood __________ levels, which must be maintained within narrow limits for functions such as muscle contraction and membrane potentials to occur normally. potassium sodium calcium chloride

calcium

Hyaline cartilage consists of specialized cells called __________ that produce a matrix surrounding themselves. When matrix surrounds these cells they become __________ that are trapped in lacunae. chondrocytes; chondroblasts chondroclasts; chondroblasts chondroblasts; chondroclasts chondroblasts; chondrocytes

chondroblasts; chondrocytes

Long bones and bony projections increase in length because of growth at the __________. diaphysis epiphysis epiphyseal plate epiphyseal line

epiphyseal plate

Chondroblasts produce a _________ cartilage model that has the approximate shape of the bone to be formed by endochondral ossification. elastic hyaline fibrocartilage reticular

hyaline

Mechanical stress applied to bone __________ osteoblast activity in bone tissue, and the removal of mechanical stress __________ osteoblast activity. increases; maintains decreases; maintains increases; decreases decreases; increases

increases; decreases

In _________ growth of cartilage, chondrocytes within the tissue divide and add more matrix between the existing cells. appositional interstitial intramembranous endochondral

interstitial

During fetal development bone forms in two patterns, __________ ossification takes place in connective tissue membranes and __________ ossification takes place in cartilage. intramembranous; endochondral endomembranous; intrachondral intrachondral; endomembranous endochondral; intramembranous

intramembranous; endochondral

Bone producing cells are lamellae. osteons. osteoblasts. periosteum. endosteum.

osteoblasts.

Very large multinucleated bone cells that are responsible for the reabsorption of bone are osteogenic cells. osteoblasts. osteoclasts. osteocytes.

osteoclasts.

Bone cells that become surrounded by bone matrix and are located in cavities called lacunae are osteogenic cells. osteoblasts. osteoclasts. osteocytes.

osteocytes.

The combination of all of the concentric rings of bone built around a single blood vessel is called a(n) lamella. osteon. osteoblast. periosteum. endosteum.

osteon.

Hyaline cartilage serves as a precursor for the formation of long bones in the body. has a double-layered connective tissue sheath covering it called the periosteum. can be found in between vertebrae serving as shock absorbing disks. can grow on the outside by appositional growth and on the inside by interstitial growth.

serves as a precursor for the formation of long bones in the body.

Bone remodeling is important for all of the following reasons EXCEPT bone growth. changes in bone shape. adjustment to physical stress. sodium ion regulation in the body.

sodium ion regulation in the body.