Chapter 6

2. How do you use hand signals correctly and when should you use them? (111)

Signal well in advance before you make ant maneuver

4. What is hand-over-hand steering? (113)

You use hand-over-hand steering by pulling the steering wheel down with one hand while your other hand crosses over to pull the wheel farther down.

6. How do you back left and right? (115)

1. Before backing, check for traffic, pedestrians, parked vehicles, and any stationary objects in front, around, and behind you. Turn your head toward the direction you will be backing. 2. Keep both hands on the wheel, ready for hand-over-hand steering. Pull the wheel to the left to back left. Pull the wheel to the right to back right. The back of your vehicle will go in the direction you turn the wheel. Look back toward the direction you want the vehicle to go. 3. Back slowly as you enter the turn. Make quick glances to the front and sides to be sure no one is near. Begin to unwind the steering wheel to finish the tur in a straight position.

3. What are the proper steps for changing lanes? (112)

1. Check traffic in the front and left-front zones. Check rear zones through the rearview mirrors. 2. Signal and make a blind-spot check over your left shoulder to see if any vehicle is about to pass you. 3. Increase your speed slightly as you steer smoothly into the next lane if it is clear. 4. Cancel your signal and adjust your speed.

5. What are the steps for making right and left turns? (114)

1. Position your vehicle in the correct lane for the turn. For a right turn, be in lane position 3 if there are no parked vehicles. For a left turn, be in the lane nearest the center line in lane position 2. (On a one-way street, be in the far left lane.) Signal about half a block before the turn. 2. Brake early to reduce speed. 3. Use your visual search pattern to check the front zones for vehicles, pedestrians, and bicyclists. 4. Slow to about 10 mph just before the crosswalk. 5. For a right turn, check to the left again before turning. Then look in the direction of the turn. Begin turning the wheel when your vehicle's front bumper is even with the curbline. 6. For a left turn, check traffic to the left then right, then left again. Turn the steering wheel just before the front of your vehicle reaches the center of the intersection. Continue looking left into the lane you will enter. 7. As you begin your turn,make a quick blind-spot check through the right side window. Check the front and rear zones. If the intersection is dear, turn into the nearest lane of traffic going in your direction.

11. How do you start from and uphill parking space without rolling backwards? (123-124)

1. While holding the foot brake down, set the parking brake firmly. 2. Move your foot to the accelerator, and accelerate until you feel the engine start to pull. 3. Release the parking brake as you continue to accelerate. A second method for starting on a this involves using only the foot brake. 1. Hold the foot brake down with your left foot. 2. While still holding the foot brake with your left foot, accelerate gradually until the engine starts to pull. 3. Release the foot brake gently as you increase acceleration to move forward.

8. What are reference points and how do you use them as guides when parking your vehicle? (119)

A reference point is some part of the outside or inside of the vehicle, as viewed from the driver's seat, that relates to some part of the roadway. Reference points can be developed for the front, side, or rear to help you know where your vehicle is located in the roadway.

7. How do you execute the 5 turnabout maneuvers, and which is the safest to use? (116-118)

A turnabout: is a maneuver for turning your vehicle around to go in the opposite direction. Midblock: U-turn A U-turn is risky because you must cross several lanes of traffic to execute it, Back into Driveway on Right Side:Choose this turnabout if a clear driveway is on the right and there is no close traffic in your rear zones. Pull into Driveway on Right Side: maneuver. To complete it, you must back across two lanes of traffic and into oncoming traffic before moving forward. Pull into Driveway on Left Side: You might choose this turnabout if oncoming traffic is light and a driveway on the left is available. The disadvantage is that you must back into traffic before moving forward. I think the turnabout is the safest to use.

What are the procedures for angle, perpendicular, and parallel parking? (120-122)

Angel 1: check for traffic and pedestrians. Position your vehicle at least six feet from the row of parked vehicles, Signal a right turn, check traffic to the rear, and begin braking. 2. Flash your brake lights to warn drivers behind. Check your right blind spot and continue braking. 3. Creep forward until you can see the center of the space without your line of sight cutting across the parking line. This is your reference point to begin turning. Turn the wheels sharply to the right. Slowly enter the stall. 4. Straighten the wheels when you are centered in the space. Deter- mine your forward reference point to place the front of the bumper even with the curb or line. Perpendicular: 1. Position your vehicle at least eight feet from the row of parked vehicles, or as far to the left of the lane as possible. Flash your brake lights and signal a right turn. Check your right blind spot, and begin to brake. 2. Check traffic to the rear, and continue braking. 3. Determine your personal reference point to know when the front bumper of your vehicle passes the left rear taillight of the vehicle to the right of the empty parking space. Turn the wheel sharply right. Slowly enter the stall. Check your right-rear fender for clearance. 4. Straighten the wheels when you are centered in the space. Use a forward reference point, like the driver's side-view mirror, to stop before the wheels strike the curb.Parallel: 1. Flash brake lights, and signal a right turn. Stop two to three feet away from the front vehicle with the two rear bumpers even. Shift to REVERSE. Check traffic. Look back over your right shoulder. Back slowly as you turn right. Aim toward the right-rear corner of the space. Control speed with your foot brake (clutch at friction point in a stickshift vehicle). 2. When the back of your seat is even with the rear bumper of the front vehicle, straighten the wheels. Determine your personal reference point for this position. Slowly back straight. Look over your shoulder, through the rear window. 3. When your front bumper is even with the front vehicle's back bumper, turn your wheels sharply left. Back slowly. Look out the rear window. 4. When your vehicle is parallel to the curb, straighten wheels and stop before you touch the vehicle behind. Develop reference points downhill parking apply to parking on the right side of the street or roadway. Adjust your actions and visual checks when parking on the left side.

1. How do you steer straight forward and backward? (110)

To steer forward: Use a comfortable, balanced hand position, as explained in Chapter 3, as you begin steering control practice. Aim far ahead into your intended path with your visual search. Avoid I looking down at your hands or feet. To steer back: 1. Hold the brake pedal down and shift to REVERSE. 2. Turn your body to the right, and put your right arm over the back of the passenger seat. Look back through the rear window. 3. Put your left hand at the top of the steering wheel at the 12 o'clock position. 4. Release pressure on the brake just enough to allow the vehicle to creep backward slowly. 5. While looking back through the rear window, move the top of the steering wheel toward the direction you want the back of the vehicle to go. 6 . Keep your foot over the brake pedal while your vehicle is moving backward. Glance quiddy to the front and sides to check traffic. Continue to look back through the rear window as you brake to a stop.

10. How do you park uphill and downhill with and without a curb? (122-123)

Uphill w/ 1: 1. Using personal reference points, position your vehicle close to the curb. Just before stopping, turn the steering wheel sharply left as shown in the first picture on the opposite page. 2. Shift to NEUTRAL. Let the vehicle creep back slowly until the back of the right-front tire gently touches the curb. 3. Shift to PARK (FIRST in a stick- shift), and set the parking brake. 4. When leaving the parking space, signal, check traffic, and accelerate gently into the lane of traffic Uphill W/Out: 1. Pull as far off the roadway as possible. Just before you stop, turn the steering wheel sharply right, as in the second picture. 2. Shift to PARK (FIRSTin a stick- shift), and set the parking brake. 3. When leaving the parking space, let the vehicle creep backward while straightening the wheels. Signal and check traffic. Shift to DRIVE (FIRST in a stick shift),and accelerate!gently into trafficDownhill W/:1. Position your vehicle close to the curb and stop. 2. Let the vehicle creep forward slowly while turning the steering wheel sharply right, as in the third picture. Let the right-front tire rest gently against the curb. 3. Shift to PARK (REVERSEin a stick- shift), and set the parking brake. 4. When leaving the parking space, check traffic and back a short distance while straightening the wheels. Signal and check traffic again. Shift to DRIVE(FIRST in a stickshift), and accelerate into traffic.//// Downhill W/Out: Follow the same procedure as downhill parking with a curb. Turn wheels sharply right as you creep as near to the shoulder as possible.