Chapter 6 - Abnormal Psychology

The statement "My girlfriend broke up with me because I am worthless" BEST reflects a(n):

internal attribution

Compared with African Americans, non-Hispanic white Americans are:

.about as likely to be diagnosed with depression but less likely to have recurrent episodes.

More than _____ of manic patients treated with lithium improve.

60 percent

Which person is MOST likely to develop severe unipolar depression based on their demographic characteristics?

A teenage boy who lives in poverty

Which statement is the MOST important reason for the decline in the use of electroconvulsive therapy since the 1950s?

Antidepressant drugs were developed

Which statement is the BEST example of a claim that would be made by a developmental psychopathology theorist?

Depression is triggered by many factors that operate together in a developmental sequence.

If bipolar disorder is genetically linked, then which of the following research findings, if obtained, would be the least likely?

The rate of bipolar disorder has increased steadily over the past decade.

Which description BEST indicates how tricyclics work upon ingestion?

The reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin are blocked, norepinephrine or serotonin remains in the synapse longer; and there is increased stimulation of receiving neuron

Which statement about unipolar depression is TRUE?

The vast majority of individuals with unipolar depression recover within 6 months, sometimes without treatment.

MAO inhibitors are biochemical agents that alleviate depressive symptoms in approximately half of the clinically depressed patients who take them. What is the mechanism of action of these drugs?

They interfere with the destruction of serotonin and norepinephrine.

Which is NOT a reason why people with depression take nutraceuticals?

They prefer modern medications.

Family pedigree, twin, and gene studies have been used to look for a predisposition for unipolar depression. These studies have found:

a higher than chance rate of depression among the families of depressed patients.

On an impulse, Jaxson decides to throw a huge party. After four days of round-the-clock work to get everything ready, Jaxson welcomes more than 200 guests. When the police stop by because Jaxson has blocked a public road in order to have room for the party, he flies into a rage. It is MOST likely that Jaxson is experiencing:

a manic phase of bipolar I disorder.

What is the BEST example of a motivational symptom of unipolar depression?

a woman who no longer goes out with friends and stays home alone for weeks.

Talking rapidly, dressing flamboyantly, and getting involved in dangerous activities are _____ symptoms of mania.

behavioral

If people with unipolar depression were found to have lower levels of norepinephrine, such a finding would support which perspective?

biological perspective

The belief that the prefrontal cortex has a very important part to play in the development of depression is probably:

correct; unusually high activity in some parts and unusually low activity in other parts of the prefrontal cortex are associated with depression

In the United States, the highest depression rate is found in:

divorced people

Adjunctive therapy to treat bipolar disorder commonly focuses on:

emphasizing the importance of taking the medication, even though the patients miss the creative and productive bursts they used to have.

A good way to describe a typical manic episode would be to say that it is like a:

flash flood—spreading out wherever there is room for it to go.

Biochemical explanations for bipolar disorder focus on all of the following EXCEPT:

hormonal functioning

Clients who tend to see everything that occurs as either all right or all wrong, with nothing in between, need to focus on which phase of Beck's treatment for depression?

identifying negative thinking and biases

Depression is more common in women because they experience more taxing life situations, such as poverty and menial jobs, than men. This is the:

life stress theory

Historically, peripartum depression has been labeled:

postpartum depression

In general, object relations theorists follow the _____ perspective.

psychodynamic

Ruminative responses are defined as:

repeatedly mentally dwelling on one's mood without acting to change it.

Researchers have found that when an identical twin has unipolar depression, there is a 38 percent chance that the other twin has already had or will eventually have the same disorder. A fraternal twin is only 20 percent likely to have the same disorder. This finding:

supports the idea that people may inherit a predisposition for developing unipolar depression.

What are the two most influential cognitive explanations for unipolar depression?

the theory of negative thinking and the theory of learned helplessness

Researchers were searching for drugs to treat schizophrenia when they came across imipramine, which alleviated the symptoms of depression, although it was not effective against schizophrenia. It became the first of a class of drugs, all sharing a similar molecular structure, called: Group of answer choices

tricyclics

Artifact theory differs importantly from other sociocultural theories of depression because it suggests:

women and men are equally likely to develop depression.