Chapter 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissue (PRACTICE QUESTIONS)

fibrous membrane.

Before eight weeks, the skeleton of the human embryo is composed of __________.

False

Osseous tissue is avascular.

True

The hormone calcitonin may function to decrease the calcium ion in the blood.

False

Vitamin D is necessary for the formation of the organic framework of bone.

False

Appositional growth in a skeletal cartilage will increase its overall length.

short bones

How are carpals and tarsals classified by shape?

True

A bone that is imbedded in a ligament or tendon is a short bone.

osteoporosis.

A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function is __________.

diaphysis

A fracture in the shaft of a bone would occur in the __________.

True

A metacarpal is an example of a long bone.

fissure

A narrow, slitlike opening in a bone is referred to as a __________.

comminuted fracture

A patient is brought to the emergency room with a broken bone. According to the x-ray, the bone is fragmented into three pieces. This would be considered a __________.

vitamin D

All of the following are stored in the matrix of bones, EXCEPT __________.

True

An increase in parathyroid hormone can cause bones to become porous and brittle.

amphiarthroses; synarthroses

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are __________, whereas articulations permitting no movement are called __________.

at the epiphyseal plates

At the end of secondary ossification, hyaline cartilage can be found __________.

hematopoiesis.

Blood cells are made in the red bone marrow of bones, a process known as:

osteoclasts

Bone is broken down by __________.

calcium.

Bone is the most important storehouse in the body for:

osteoprogenitor cells

Bone-forming cells originate from __________.

osteoclast

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?

calcium

Bones serve as an important reservoir of __________.

long bones

Bones with a diaphysis and epiphyses are classified as:

trabeculae.

Branching "ribs" of bone present in spongy bone are known as:

diaphysis.

Charlie has a break in the shaft of his thigh bone. He broke the:

provide for bone hardness

Collagen fibers do NOT __________.

True

Collagen in the bone matrix provides flexible strength.

3, 5, 2, 1, 4

Correctly order the following key steps in the process of endochondral ossification. 1. Chondrocytes die. 2. Osteoblasts build the bone collar on the external surface of the bone. 3. Perichondrium is invaded by blood vessels. 4. In the primary ossification center, osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with early spongy bone. 5. Perichondrial cells differentiate into osteogenic cells then into osteoblasts.

fibrous connective tissue membranes.

During fetal development, intramembranous ossification takes place in __________.

False

Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a calcified model.

True

Excess growth hormone prior to puberty would result in gigantism.

bone depressions

Fossae are __________.

interstitial growth

Growth of a cartilage in which the chondrocytes within the matrix become active and proliferate is known as __________.

calcium and phosphates

Hydroxyapatite in bone matrix that gives bone its hardness is primarily composed of __________.

rickets

If a breastfeeding mother becomes vitamin D deficient, what disease is most likely to develop in the nursing infant?

sex hormones

In adolescence, the "growth spurt" that is observed is mainly attributed to an increase in __________.

False

Increasing the percentage of collagen in a bone would make it become more rigid.

occurs when the lacunae-bound chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix, expanding the cartilage from within

Interstitial growth __________.

begins within a connective tissue membrane

Intramembranous ossification __________.

estrogen

Mary is 50 years old. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals that portions of her skeleton show signs of osteoporosis. After reviewing the test results, her physician suggests hormone therapy. What hormone is prescribed for Mary?

False

Mature bone cells are called chondrocytes.

True

Most bones below the base of the skull form by endochondral ossification.

canaliculi

Osteocytes maintain contact with the blood vessels of the central canal through __________.

False

Osteomyelitis is a condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function.

False

Parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoblast activity.

2, 4, 3, 1

Place the following steps of bone repair in the correct sequence. 1. The bone callus is remodeled and primary bone is replaced with secondary bone. 2. A hematoma fills the gap between bone fragments. 3. Osteoblasts built a new bone callus. 4. Fibroblasts and chondroblasts infiltrate the hematoma and a soft callus forms.

diaphysis.

Primary ossification centers develop in long bones in the:

False

Red marrow can revert to yellow marrow if a person is anemic and more red blood cells are needed by the body.

a deficiency of vitamin D

Rickets can be caused by __________.

False

Scapulae are formed by intramembranous ossification.

False

Secondary ossification centers occur in the center of the diaphysis.

true osteons

Spongy bone contains all of the following, EXCEPT __________.

False

Spongy bone contains osteons.

True

Spongy bone in flat bones is called diploë

True

The appendicular skeleton includes the upper and lower limb bones.

need an answer

The atlas is the:

axial skeleton

The bones in the long axis of the body make up the __________.

yellow marrow

The bones of the skeleton store energy reserves as lipids in areas of __________.

blood vessels and nerve fibers

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon contains:

osteocytes

The cells that maintain mature compact bone are __________.

False

The central canal of an osteon contains osteocytes.

bone remodeling

The final step in fracture repair is __________.

triglyceride storage.

The function of yellow bone marrow is:

osteocytes

The lacunae of bone contain __________.

fibrocartilage

The menisci of the knee are made of __________.

is located within tendons.

The patella is classified as a sesamoid bone since it:

False

The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates that long bone growth is still in process.

endochondral ossification

The process of bone growth at the epiphyseal plate is similar to __________.

True

The shaft of the long bone is called the diaphysis.

the osteon or Haversian system

The structural unit of compact bone is __________.

osteons

The structural units of mature compact bone are called:

internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones

The term diploë refers to the:

circumferential lamellae

The twisting of a long bone is prevented by which of the following?

compact bone and spongy bone

The two types of osseous tissue are __________.

seven cervical

There are __________ vertebrae in the neck region.

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

What hormone promotes an increase in the activity of osteoclasts?

epiphyseal plate

What structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length?

hyaline cartilage

What tissue serves as the model for bones formed during endochondral ossification?

osteoclast

What type of cell does parathyroid hormone (PTH) activate:

parathyroid hormone is released

When Ca2+ concentration in the blood becomes lower than normal, __________.

long bones have reached their adult length

When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone, __________.

osteoblasts

Which cells participate in the process of bone deposition?

ribs

Which of the following bones belong to the axial skeleton?

It is avascular and receives most of its nourishment from the perichondrium that surrounds it.

Which of the following characteristics of skeletal cartilage limits its thickness?

communication

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

intervertebral discs

Which of the following is NOT composed of hyaline cartilage?

meatus

Which of the following is a canal-like passageway?

wrist bone

Which of the following is classified as a short bone?

the sternum

Which of the following sites is the site where bone marrow is routinely sampled in an adult?

Chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix from within the cartilage.

Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth of cartilage?

All bone surfaces in the body are covered by the periosteum.

Which of the following statements concerning the periosteum of a bone is NOT true?

perforating fibers

Which of the following structures anchors the periosteum to the underlying bone?

metacarpals

Which of these bones is NOT associated with the foot:

zone of proliferation

Within the epiphyseal plate, which zone houses actively dividing cartilage cells in their lacunae?

a tissue that may revert back to red marrow if a person needs more red blood cells

Yellow marrow is useful as __________.

Sesamoid

__________ bones act to alter the direction of tendon pull.