Chapter 6 homework biology

During glycolysis, a molecule of glucose is partially oxidized. What is the net gain of ATP and NADH for each glucose molecule during this chemical pathway?

2 ATP and 2 NADH

The energy production per glucose molecule through the citric acid cycle is _____.

2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH238 ATP2 ATP, 6 NADH4 ATP, 8 NADH

The energy released from the redox reactions in the electron transport chain is used by the cell to make __________.

ATP

Which energy-rich molecule produced by cellular respiration directly powers cell work?

ATP

During chemiosmosis,

ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase.

Why is the citric acid cycle called a cycle?

Acetyl CoA binds to oxaloacetate and this compound is restored at the end of the cycle.

The function of cellular respiration is to _____.

extract usable energy from glucose

Cellular respiration completely breaks down a glucose molecule through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. However, these two processes yield only a few ATPs. The majority of the energy the cell derives from glucose is _____.

found in NADH and FADH2

Each turn of the citric acid cycle generates one ATP and ___ additional energy-rich molecules: _________

four; 3 NADH and 1 FADH2

Which of the following molecules is broken down in cellular respiration, providing fuel for the cell?

glucose

_____ is used as food and _____ is produced as a waste in the overall process of cellular respiration.

glucose ... carbon dioxide

What is the name of the process in which glucose is converted to pyruvate?

glycolysis

Oxidation is the ________, and reduction is the ________.

loss of electrons; gain of electrons

The electrons removed from glucose in cellular respiration end up in _____.

water

In cellular respiration, oxygen becomes _________ to water (H2O) as it gains electrons (in hydrogen atoms) that came from glucose.

reduced

In the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle), ATP molecules are produced by _____.

substrate-level phosphorylation

Most NADH molecules generated during cellular respiration are produced during __________.

the citric acid cycle

Where do the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?

the mitochondrion

A molecule is oxidized when it _____.

loses an electron

The main function of cellular respiration is __________.

making ATP to power cell activities

A scientist wants to study the enzymes of the citric acid cycle in eukaryotic cells. What part of the cell would she use as a source of these enzymes?

mitochondrial matrix

The overall efficiency of respiration is approximately _____.

40%

In preparing pyruvate to enter the citric acid cycle, which of the following steps occurs?

A compound called coenzyme A binds to a two-carbon fragment.

In cellular respiration, organic molecules become oxidized as _________ picks up electrons and H+ and becomes reduced to NADH.

NAD+

__________ is to a mitochondrion as __________ is to a chloroplast.

O2 ... CO2

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?

They produce ATP

NADH pills can be purchased over the counter and are often taken by sufferers of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). How might these pills benefit a CFS patient?

They would increase the number of electrons provided to the electron transport chain.

Where in a cell does glycolysis occur?

cytosol/cytoplasm

During cellular respiration, NADH

delivers its electron load to the first electron carrier molecule.

The transfer of ____________ from one molecule to another is an oxidation-reduction reaction, or redox reaction.

electrons

During redox reactions,

electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance.

During cellular respiration, the energy in glucose

is carried by electrons.

In cellular respiration, glucose _____ electrons, whereas _____ electrons.

loses ... oxygen gains

In cellular respiration, glucose becomes __________ to carbon dioxide (CO2) as it loses electrons (in hydrogen atoms).

oxidized

NADH delivers electrons to an electron transport chain, which passes the electrons through carrier molecules in a series of redox reactions to the final electron acceptor, _______________.

oxygen

In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are passed from one electron carrier to another. The energy released is used to _____.

pump protons (H+) across the mitochondrial membrane

Oxidative phosphorylation could not occur without glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, because _____.

these two stages supply the electrons needed for the electron transport chain

Drag the labels onto the flowchart to indicate how food molecules reach the body's cells and fuel cellular respiration. Start with the ingestion of food on the left

-Eating food provides fuel & building blocks for your body -After food is broken down in the digestive system, it is transport to cells via the circulatory system -Fuel molecules are broken down further in glycolysis & the citric acid cycle (aka krebs cycle) -ATP is produced with the help of the electron transport chain

Which of these enters the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)?

acetyl CoA

Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)?

acetyl CoA

In the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is

an oxygen atom