Chapter 6 HW

A scientist wants to study the enzymes of the citric acid cycle in eukaryotic cells. What part of the cell would she use as a source of these enzymes?

mitochondrial matrix

A gram of fat oxidized by cellular respiration produces approximately __________ as much ATP as a gram of carbohydrate.

twice

1. Which of these enters the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)? 2.In the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle), ATP molecules are produced by _____. 3.Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)?

1, acetyl CoA 2. substrate-level phosphorylation 3. acetyl CoA

1. For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH enter the electron transport chain. 2. In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____. 3. The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____. 4. During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____. 5. Structure A is _____. 6. The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is _____.

1. 10 2. oxidative phosphorylation 3. oxygen 4. NADH and FADH2... intermembrane space 5.ATP synthase 6. kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient

1. How many NADH are produced by glycolysis? 2.In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____. 3.Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis? 4.In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose breakdown? 5.In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP.

1. 2 2. substrate-level phosphorylation 3. FADH 4. ATP 5.2

1. The transfer of from one molecule to another is an oxidation-reduction reaction, or redox reaction. 2. In cellular respiration, glucose becomes to carbon dioxide (CO2) as it loses electrons (in hydrogen atoms). 3. In cellular respiration, oxygen becomes to water (H2O) as it gains electrons (in hydrogen atoms) that came from glucose. 4. In cellular respiration, organic molecules become oxidized as picks up electrons and H+ and becomes reduced to NADH. 5. NADH delivers electrons to an electron transport chain, which passes the electrons through carrier molecules in a series of redox reactions to the final electron acceptor, . 6. The energy released from the redox reactions in the electron transport chain is used by the cell to make .

1. electrons 2. oxidized 3. reduced 4.NAD+ 5. oxygen 6. ATP

1. which of the following molecules is broken down in cellular respiration, providing fuel for the cell? 2. which energy-rich molecule produced by cellular respiration directly powers cell work?

1. glucose 2. ATP

1. What process occurs in Box A? 2. Box B 3. What molecule is indicated by the letter D?

1. glycolysis 2. citric acid and cycle 3. oxygen

1. What process occurs in structure H? 2. What molecules belong in space A and B? 3. What organelle is indicated by the letter C? 4. What molecules belong in spaces E and F?

1. photosynthesis 2. glucose and oxygen 3. mitochondrion 4. carbon dioxide and water

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify how chemicals cycle in an ecosystem.

Chloroplast- glucose (food) oxygen(gas) Animals- carbon dioxide (gas) H2O(water)

Which of the following best describes the electron transport chain?

Electrons pass from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step.

Given the relatively modest number of calories burned by anything but the most vigorous activities, why can people consume over 2,000 kilocalories a day, yet maintain a healthy body weight?

Most of the energy consumed in food is spent maintaining the body's functions, so only a fraction of food energy needs to be burned in exercise.

In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____.

lactate and NAD+

Through respiration, humans breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2. However, what would happen if we did not breathe in O2?

We would not make enough ATP to meet our energy requirements

Drag the labels to their appropriate locations in this diagram of pathways that break down organic molecules.

a. carbohydrates b. fats. c. proteins d. fatty acids e. amino acids f. glycolysis g. citric acid cycle h. ATP

Drag the labels at left into the appropriate targets on the right to complete this concept map about oxidative phosphorylation.

a. cellular respiration b. ATP c. electron transport chain d. H+ concentration gradient e. NADH and FADH2 f. ATP synthase g. oxygen

In an experiment, mice were fed glucose (C6H12O6) containing a small amount of radioactive carbon. The mice were closely monitored, and in a few minutes, radioactive carbon atoms showed up in __________.

carbon dioxide

The O2 required for __________ is supplied by __________.

cellular respiration.... breathing

In nutrient-rich environments (like your mouth), bacteria can use the provided amino acids to synthesize their proteins. However, should the environmental conditions change and become nutrient-poor, bacteria would need to synthesize their amino acids. They can do this using __________.

citric acid cycle intermediates

A single glucose molecule produces about 38 molecules of ATP through the process of cellular respiration. However, this only represents approximately 34% of the chemical energy present in this molecule. The rest of the energy from glucose is __________.

converted to heat

Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center want to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles begin to function anaerobically. They could do this by checking for a buildup of _____.

lactic acid

Each turn of the citric acid cycle generates one ATP and ___ additional energy-rich molecules: __________.

four; 3 NADH and 1 FADH2

Drag the labels onto the equation to identify the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration.

glucose, oxygen ---> CO2, H2O, ATP

In the equation shown below, during cellular respiration __________ is oxidized and __________ is reduced.

glucose...oxygen

Which of the following statements regarding glycolysis is FALSE?

glycolysis evolved in an oxygen rich environment

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the stages of cellular respiration.

glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport

A chemist has discovered a drug that blocks phosphoglucoisomerase, an enzyme that catalyzes the second reaction in glycolysis. He wants to use the drug to treat people with bacterial infections. However, he can't do this because _____.

human cells also perform glycolysis; the drug might also poison them

We inhale O2 and we exhale CO2. Carbon dioxide is produced __________.

in the reaction that creates acetyl CoA (coenzyme A) from Pyruvate

Some human cells, such as nerve cells, are restricted to aerobic respiration to recycle NADH and FADH2. If these cells are deprived of oxygen, then __________.

oxidative phosphorylation would come to a halt because there wouldn't be any oxygen to "pull" the electrons down the transport chain

Bacteria have no membrane-enclosed organelles. However, some still generate ATP through cellular respiration. Where might the electron transport chain be found in these organisms?

plasma membrane

In eukaryotes, most of the high-energy electrons released from glucose by cellular respiration __________.

reduce NAD+ to NADH, which then delivers them to the electron transport chain

Energy flow through an ecosystem; Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify how energy flows through an ecosystem.

sun- light gas- glucose animals- ATP and heat

Most NADH molecules generated during cellular respiration are produced during __________.

the citric acid cycle