Chapter 6 integumentary system

Skin repair and regeneration usually takes about ______ weeks in a healthy young person but can often take ______ that time for a person in his or her 70s.

3; twice

Chronic exposure to UV rays can damage the ______ in epidermal cells.

DNA

Tactile cells

are simulated by light pressure, and light touch, they are also called Merkel cells, and are large epithelial cells.

In the first step of wound healing, cut blood vessels release ______ into the wound.

blood

Each nail plate consists of a pinkish nail ______ and a distal whitish free ______.

body; edge

Second-degree burns involve the ______ and part of the ______.

epidermis; dermis

First-degree burns involve only the ______ and are characterized by ______, pain, and slight edema (swelling).

epidermis; redness

Third-degree burns involve the ______, dermis, and ______ layer, which often are destroyed.

epidermis; subcutaneous

Sebaceous glands and sweat glands are types of ______ glands of skin.

exocrine

The vascular connective tissue that initially forms in a healing wound is called ______.

granulation tissue

During our lives, we produce three kinds of hair

lanugo, vellus, terminal

the third step of wound healing, __________ within the wound begin to remove the clotted blood.

macrophages

The most numerous and widely distributed sweat glands in the body are ______.

merocrine sweat glands

The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands.

merocrine; apocrine

Two major functions of hair are ______.

protection and heat retention

The secretion produced by apocrine sweat glands is viscous, cloudy, and composed of ______ and ______ that are acted upon by bacteria, producing a distinct, noticeable odor.

proteins; lipids

In the fourth step of wound healing, ______ of the epidermis occurs.

regeneration

In what two ways are damaged skin tissues normally repaired?

regeneration, fibrosis

The deepest layer of the dermis is the _______ layer

reticular

The connective tissue fibers of the ______ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the ______ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind it to the underlying tissues.

reticular; subcutaneous

______ acts as a lubricant to keep the skin and hair from becoming dry, brittle, and cracked.

sebum

Because skin can absorb certain chemicals and block others, it is described as _______ permeable

semi

Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin.

simple, coiled, and tubular

In aging skin, the reduced ______ cell activity in the epidermis results in ______ skin that is less likely to protect against mechanical trauma.

stem; thinner

Corrosive chemicals, fire, and prolonged contact with extremely hot water usually cause ______-degree burns.

third

True or false: Regeneration in the skin replaces damaged or dead cells with the same cell type and restores organ function.

true

In children, ______ is the primary human hair and is found on most of the body.

vellus

Among the stimuli detected by the sensory receptors of the skin are ______.

vibration, cold, pressure

The skin is best described as ______.

water resistant

In the second step of wound healing, a ______ forms.

blood clot

In the first step of wound healing, blood brings ______ proteins, numerous white blood cells, and antibodies to the site.

clotting

The cells of a hair follicle's walls are organized into two principal concentric layers: an outer ______ tissue root sheath and an inner ______ tissue root sheath.

connective; epithelial

Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum ______ layer of the epidermis.

corneum

Vasoconstriction means that the diameter of the vessels ______, so relatively ______ blood can travel through them.

decrease; less

When a person is severely burned, a primary danger is ______ because the individual has lost the protective skin barrier and water can escape from body tissues.

dehydration

The nails, hair, and exocrine glands of the skin are known as ______.

epidermal appendages

The _______ layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue and dermal papillae

papillary

The hair follicle is an oblique tube that surrounds the hair

root

The secretions from sebaceous glands, called ______, are usually deposited into a ______.

sebum; hair follicle

Sebaceous glands are activated primarily by ______ during puberty in both sexes.

sex hormones

The secretion from merocrine sweat glands is carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into ______.

sweat ducts; hair follicles

As an individual ages, the skin repair processes take longer to complete because of the reduced number and activity of ______ cells.

stem

The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of _______ keratinocytes.

dead

In the second step of wound healing, a blood clot temporarily patches the ______ of the wound together and acts as a barrier to prevent the entry of ______ into the body.

edges; pathogens

n the third step of wound healing, ________ produce new collagen in the region.

fibroblasts

A severe sunburn in which the skin blisters is an example of a ______-degree burn.

second

Fibrous tissue is also known as ______ tissue.

scar

______ glands are also called sweat glands.

Sudoriferous

Healing of second-degree burns takes approximately ______ weeks, and slight scarring may occur.

2-4 weeks

Sebaceous glands are classified as ______ glands that discharge an oily, waxy secretion called ______.

holocrine; sebum

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.

hypodermis

Vasodilation of the dermal blood vessels means that the diameter of the vessels ______, so relatively ______ blood can travel through them.

increases; more

True or false: New epithelial cells migrate over the wound, moving internally to the remains of the scar.

false