Chapter 6 Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

The chemical structure of a phospholipid is similar to that of a triglycertide, except one of the fatty acids is replaced by a phosphate containing group.

True

LDL

origin: Liver Main Componet: Cholestrol

VLDL

origin: Liver Main Componet: Triglycertrides

HDL

origin: Liver Main componet: Protein

Chylomicron

origin: small intestine Main Component: Triglycertrides

Afsheen's grandmother is teaching her how to make mayonnasie . She explains that mayonnasie is made using oil, salt, vingear, (or lemon juice) and egg yolks. Lecithin in the egg yolks acts as an emulsiter. An emulsitier _________.

suspends fat in water

Zara is trying to cut back on her fat intake to help reduce total calorie intake and promote gradual weight loss. If she follows an 1800 kilocalorie meal plan and wants to achiebe tht Acceptable Macronutrient Distrubition Rbge recommoned for Total Fat 20-35% of calories) how many grams of fat per day should she be eating?

40-70 grams of fat per day

Following a victory, Liyah's soccer coach takes the team out for a celebratory meal. A teammate orders French Fries, noting that they must be healthy because the restaurant menu says they are fried in "cholesterol-free" vegetable oils. Which statement about "cholesterol-free vegetable oil is correct?

All vegetable oil is cholesterol-free because cholesterol is only found in animal foods

The diagram below shows the relationship between the essential fatty acids and how they are important in synthesis of longer chain fatty acids. Drag and drop the fatty acids labels to the correct location on the diagram.

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) Linoleic acid Ercosapentaeronig acid (EPA)

Put the fats in order from the one that contains the greatest percentage of saturated fatty acids (1), to the one that contains the lowest percentage of saturated fatty acids (5).

Coconut oil Butter Palm oil Olive oil Canola oil

Gloria is concered that her dad is at high risk of having cardiovascular disease because her paternal grandfather died of a heart attack. Her father smokes, has type 2 diabetes and is considered overweight. Which of Gloria's father cardiovascular diease risk factors is not modifiable? Check all that apply.

Family history of cardiovascular system smoking type 2 diabetes

______ transports cholesterol from the tissues to the liver, where cholesterol can be processed or eliminated.

HDL

Small, dense __________ particles tend to promote atherosclerosis

LDL

_____ Transports cholestrol to the tissues, where cholestrol can be taken up by cells.

LDL

oxidized _______ is perferentially taken by macrophages to form foam cells, leading to the formation of arterial plaques.

LDL

Which of the following plant oils contain mostly saturated fatty acids?

Palm oil Safflower oil Soybean oil Coconut oil

________are lipids that occur naturally in many grains, fruit, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and legumes. Similar to cholesterol and may complete with cholesterol for intestinal absorption. Consuming foods, such as the spread shown above, may be effective way to lower blood cholesterol levels, particularly when used as a substitute for other fats that may increase the risk of high blood cholesterol levels.

Plant sterols

Identify which of the following food sources contains the most cholestrol.

Shrimps

Drag each step in fat digestion to its appropriate location in the body.

Stomach pancreas small intestine liver anus

Lipids are needed to ______.

Synthesize steroid horomones

Falafel is a traditional Middle Eastern food that consists of a deep-fried ball or patty made from ground chick peas, fava beans, or both. Falafel is often served in a pita topped with salad and or pickled vegetables. Based on this information, which of the following statments are true?

- The total fat content of the falafel can be reduced by baking, rather than frying, the falafel. -Falafel are a source of dietary fiber -Legumes, such as chickpeas, are naturally high in saturated fat and should be limited in the diet. -For those following an entirely plant-based diet, falafel can be included as part of the diet.

Not CVD Risk Factor

- total blood cholesterol= 176 mg/dL - total cholesterol: HDL cholesterol ratio= 3:1 - Blood triglyceride levels of 150 mg/dL

In general, reconizing there are a variety of factors that influence the fat composition of beef, which of the following describe grass-feed beef?

-Grass-fed beef often has a lower total fat content than grain-fed beef -Grain-fed beef often has a lower saturated fat content than grass-fed beef -The taste of grass-fed beef may be slightly different than that of grain-fed beef -Grain-feed beef often has a higher omega-3 fatty acid content than grass-fed beef

CVD Risk Factors

-HDL chloestrol= 31 mg/dL - Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels - Smoking -Inactivity