chapter 6 nutrition

a_______ is water soluble,spherical structure formed by lectnin and bile acids and which the hydrophilic parts face outwards

-micelles

how are the different types of fatty acids distinguished

-number of carbon-carbon bonds along the carbon skeleton. -position of carbon-carbon double bonds along the length of the carbon skeleton.

which of these foods are most likely to go rancid due to the level of polyunsaturated fats?

-oils -fish

which types of fat are less likely to become rancid because they have no or few double bond in their carbon chains?

-saturated fat -trans fat

where does the most digestion occur?

-small intestines

in the ____gastric lipase helps break triglycerides into monoglycerides, and free fatty acids

-stomach

what are some qualities a triglyceride possesses

-they are calorie dense -they are stable -they are the bodies main storage form of energy

which health issues are associated with excessive omega-3 fatty acid intake.

-uncontrolled bleeding -impaired immune functions

_______ emulsifies fat and breaks it into many tiney droplets called micelles and form a shell around the micelles taht keep the fat droplets suspended in the water based intestinal contents.

-Bile

triglycerides provides______calories per gram.

9

intakes of polyunsaturated fats that exceed_______%of total calorie intake can lead to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and an impaired immune system. A) 2 B) 10 C) 5

B) 10

what are some monounsaturated fatty acids? a) coconut oil B)shortening C)Peanut oil D)olive oil

C) peanut oil D)olive oil

what are some medium-chain fatty acids? a)coconut oil b)palm kernel oil c)beef d)lamb

a) coconut oils b) palm kernel oil

omega____ fatty acids can be made into substances that help decrease inflammation, pain, and blood triglycerides.it is important to consume an adequate amount of this fatty acid in order to get benefits. a)3 b)6

a)3

how much energy do triglycerides usually provide the body. a)30-70% b)10-15% c)50-90% d)20-30%

a)30-70%

the difference between a Cis and trans is that in a __________ fatty acid, the hydrogen is attached to the double-bonded carbons on the same side of the carbon chain. a)Cis b)trans c)saturated

a)Cis

which of the following are risk factors for CVD that cannot be changed? a)Race b)age c)gender d)smoking

a)Race b)age c)gender

weather a fat is monounsaturated,saturated or polyunsaturated,it provides the same number of___________ a)calories b)lipids c)carbons d)nitrogen

a)calories

a function of ___________is to serve as the backbone to which three fatty acids attach, forming a triglyceride molecule. a)glycerol b)cholesterol c)diglyceride d)hydrogen

a)glycerol

the release of fatty acids for glycerol is known as _________ a)hydrolysis b)lipid release c)lipid extraction d)esterification

a)hydrolysis

current evidence indicates that dietary linoleic acid has_______effect on inflammatory eicosanoid. a)little b)small c)significant

a)little

in what organ are fat-soluble vitamins absorbed a)small intestine b)Gallbladder c)stomach d)large intestine

a)small intestine

in a _______________ fatty acid, the hydrogen attached to the double-bonded carbons zigzag back and forth across the carbon chain. a)trans b)saturated c)cis

a)trans

warning signs of a stroke? a)trouble seeing in one or both eyes b)trouble speaking or understanding c)numbness on one side of the body d)intesnse prolonged chest pain

a)trouble seeing in one or both eyes b)trouble speaking or understanding c)numbness on one side of the body

which health issues are associated with excessive omega 3 fatty acid intake? a)uncontrolled bleeding b)excessive weight loss c)impaired immune functions d)seizures

a)uncontrolled bleeding c)impaired immune functions

fatty acids containing carbon-carbon bonds are considered______fatty acids. a)unsaturated b)saturated

a)unsaturated

what are three types of lipids a)electrolytes b)phospholipid c)sterol d)lactose e)triglycerides

b) phospholipid c)sterol d)triglycerides

lowering dietary cholesterol to ______mg per day will help reduce blood cholesterol levels and reduce health risks. a)500 b)200 c)300 d)1000

b)200

subcutaneous fat is the insulating layer of fat located? a)surronding some organs b)just beneath the foreskin c)deep within the belly

b)just beneath the skin

what are some examples of food of long-chain fatty acids? a)coconut oil b)pork c)lamb d)beef

b)pork c)lamb d)beef

what are some warning of a heart attack? a)numbness in legs and feet b)sweating c)chest pain d)shortness of breath

b)sweating c)chest pain d)shortness of breath

a _________molecule consists of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol,which serves as a backbone for fatty acids. a)sterols b)triglycerides c)phospholipid d)compound

b)triglycerides

some studies suggest thatconsuming diets high in trans fat may lead to development of which health problems? a)increased HDL b)type 2 diabetes c)decrease in abdominal d)obesity

b)type 2 diabetes d)obesity

Short-chain fatty are usually less than____________carbons length. a)3 b)10 c)6 d)12

c) 6

how many calories are in one gram? a)4 b)7 c)9

c)9

fatty acids that released from the glycerol are called___________ a)diglyceride b)lost triglyceride c)free fatty acid d)absent fatty acid

c)free fatty acids

sudden severe headaches, loss of balance or coordination, and numbness or weakness of face arms, or legs are all warning signs of_______. a)heart attack b)high blood pressure c)stroke d)anemia

c)stroke

which type of lipid is most commonly found in both foods and in the body. a)sterol b)complex c)triglycerides d)phospholipid

c)triglycerides

which of these foods contain little or no fat a)bakery items b)steaks c)breakfast cereals d)yeast breads

correct answer C)breakfast cereals D)Yeast breads

smokers have 2 to 4 greater risk of ____________ non smokers

cvd

these compound regulate cell division rates, maintain normal kidney function and fluid balance, direct hormones to their target cell, regulate the flow of a substance in and out of a cell, regulate ovulation

eicosanoids

colon,prostate, and breast cancer are all associated with diets that are high in _______

fat

the carbon chains of _________vary in the number of carbons in the chain,the extent to which the chain is saturated with hydrogen,and the shape of the chain(straight or bent)

free fatty acid

neck and shoulder pain,dizzyness, and nasea are all symptoms of _____in women

heart attack

during the process of ____________,hydrogen is added to the carbon chain of unsaturated fats.

hydrogenation

a_______ is a compound containing a core made of lipids with ashell composed of protein, Phospholipid and cholesterol.

lipoprotein

a _______ chain fatty acid has 12 or more carbon atoms

long

fatty acids have 1 double bond in the carbon chain are called __________fatty acids.

monounsaturated

___________ are potent eicosanoid compounds that produce diverse effects in the body.

prostaglandin

the process of __________involves the reattaching of a fatty acid to glycerol that has lost a fatty acid whereas the process hydrolysis involves the release of fatty acid from glycerol.

re-esterification

atherosclerotic plaque is probably the first deposit

repair injuries in the arterial lining

____________fatty acids consists entirely of carbon-carbon single bonds

saturated

study this

saturated fatty acids;No carbon-carbon double bond. monounsaturated fatty acids;one carbon-carbon double bond. polyunsaturated;two or more carbon-carbon double bonds.

phospholipds are digested mostly in the ________.

small intestines

the layer of skin just below the surface is called________fat and is made mostly of triglycerides.

subcutaneous

________ fatty acids from hydrogenated fats have harmful effects associated with increasing blood cholesterol levels and lowering levels of HDL cholestrol.

trans

which type of fat can be reduced in the diets by avoiding foods like flaky bread products, cookies, and pie crusts?

trans fat

__________and fatty acid are essential for optimal health because they provide a concentrated source of energy, insulate and cushion vital organs, and help transport essential nutrients in the bloodstream.

triglycerides

which of the following is the body most efficient form of stored energy

triglycerides

how long should one fast in order to obtain an accurate blood lipoprotein profile?

12-14 hours

you just ate a food item containing 5 grams of fat, which means that the food provides___________calories from fat.

45

what are some good sources of omega 6essential fatty acids A)poultry B)beef C)sunflower D)margarine and shortening

A)poultry B)beef C) sunflower

which foods would be considered to have the highest fat a)apples b)little yougurt C)broccoli D)whole milk

D)whole milk

______________are hormone-like compounds synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acids,such as omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids.

Eicosanoid