Chapter 6 Practice Questions

Which of the following proteins powers both the movement of flagella and vesicles within a cell? Myosin Actin Keratin Dynein Kinesin

Dynein

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? (Concept 6.2)

Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.

T/F: Round cells have greater SA:V ratio that flat cells

False

T/F: Intermediate filaments are hollow tubes of protein that provide structural support.

False (made of keratin = fibrous, thick proteins)

T/F: The nucleolus contains messenger RNA (mRNA)

False Chromatin (DNA) codes the mRNA through transcription

T/F: Both mitochondria and Chloroplasts have three membranes.

False Mitochondria = 2 Chloroplast = 3 (two envelope membranes + internal thylakoid)

Microtubules and microfilaments commonly work with which of the following to perform many of their functions? (Concept 6.6) lysosomes Golgi apparatus ribosomes RNA none

Golgi (microtubules guide vesicles from the ER to the Golgi and from the Golgi to the plasma membrane through motor proteins)

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually found in a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the __________. (Concept 6.4)

Golgi apparatus

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane? (Concept 6.3)

Subunits of ribosomes (proteins + rRNA) are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why? (Concept 6.7)

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

T/F: All eukaryotic cells possess one or more chromosomes.

True

T/F: In all types of electron microscopy, preparation of the samples for microscopy kills the cells.

True

T/F: Intermediate filaments are more permanent in their structure than microfilaments and microtubules are in theirs.

True

T/F: Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins.

True (because they contain DNA and ribosomes)

Plants differ from animals in that plants have... an endoplasmic reticulum a central vacuole Golgi complexes vesicles organelles

a central vacuole

Which of the following statements correctly describes a common characteristic of a plant cell wall and an animal cell extracellular matrix? (Concept 6.7) a. Both are permeable to water and small solutes. b. Both contain large amounts of collagen. c. Both are composed primarily of carbohydrates. d. a & b e. a & b & c

a. Both are permeable to water and small solutes. (plant cells don't have collagen and ECM's are primarily glycoproteins, not carbs)

Which of the following statements is true about cell fractionation? (Concept 6.1) a. Cell fractionation separates cells into their component parts. b. Cell fractionation is no longer used in modern cell biology. c. Cell fractionation uses strong acids to break apart cells. d. Cell fractionation requires the use of a scanning electron microscope.

a. Cell fractionation separates cells into their component parts.

Which of the following is FALSE? (Concept 6.5) a. Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space. b. Mitochondria have more than one membrane. c. Mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism. d. Mitochondria possess their own DNA. e. The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called cristae.

a. Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space. (the ribosomes in the mitochondria are found in the matrix)

Which statement is true of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes? a. They contain ribosomes. b. They have peptidoglycan cell walls. c. They contain membrane-bounded organelles. d. They contain nuclei. e. Their flagella have the "9 plus 2" structure

a. They contain ribosomes.

Which type of cell is most likely to have the largest number of mitochondria? (Concept 6.5) a. muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner b. photosynthetic cells in the leaves of a tree c. inactive yeast cells that are stored for future use d. nondividing cells in the skin on your finger e. bacterial cells that are growing on sugars

a. muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner (cellular respiration releases energy that cells need in order to carry out their functions. Active muscle cells need large amounts of energy)

Mitochondrial enzymes for oxidative metabolism are... a. on or within the surface of cristae b. located on the outer membrane c. in the matrix d. floating freely in intermembrane space e. in mitochondrial lysosomes

a. on or within the surface of cristae

Enzymes and other proteins embedded in the membrane of the smooth ER.. synthesize lipids may be used for detoxification synthesize carbohydrates control Ca2+ transport all of the above

all of the above

The cytoskeleton includes all of the following except... microtubules intermediate filaments myosin filaments actin filaments all of the above are include

all of the above

A particular cell has a nucleus and chloroplasts in addition to the fundamental structures required by all cells. Based on this information, this cell could be __________. (Concept 6.2) a. a cell from the intestinal lining of a cow b. a photosynthetic protist cell or a plant cell c. a bacterium d. a yeast (fungus) cell e. a cell from a pine tree

b. a photosynthetic protist cell or a plant cell

Consider two cells with the same volume but with very different surface areas due to differences in their shapes. The cell with the larger surface area is likely to __________.

be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment

Which of the following is the simplest collection of matter that can live? (Concept 6.0) molecules organ tissue cell none

cell

Which of the following structures is found in animal cells but NOT in plant cells? (Concept 6.6) Golgi apparatus plasma membrane rough endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria centrioles

centrioles

Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components? the central vacuole nucleus cilia mitochondria Golgi apparatus

cilia (the microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagellum is anchored in the cell by a basal body)

Which of the following is/are likely to limit the maximum size of a cell? (Concept 6.2) a. the cell's surface-to-volume ratio b. the time it takes a molecule to diffuse across a cell c. the shape of the cell d. All of the choices are correct. e. None of the choices is correct.

d. All of the choices are correct.

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they __________. (Concept 6.2) a. have no ribosomes b. have a smaller nucleus c. lack chromosomes d. have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm e. lack a plasma membrane

d. have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

As the cell size increases, SA:V ratios _________.

decrease

The Golgi apparatus is involved in... a. transporting proteins that are to be released from the cell b. packaging proteins into vesicles c. altering or modifying proteins d. producing lysosomes e. all of the above

e. all of the above

Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. You observe that when the synthesis of the protein is completed, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found? (Concept 6.4)

embedded in the plasma membrane, functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell

Proteins synthesized inside the lumen of the rough ER unattached to the ER membrane are...

exported from the cell

The cytoplasm of a bacterium... is supported by the cytoskeleton is supported by microtubules is supported by keratin has no internal support structure is supported by folds in the interstitial membrane

has no internal support structure

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to be of prokaryotic origin. One piece of evidence that supports this hypothesis is that these organelles contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found __________. (Concept 6.5)

in bacterial cells (prokaryotes)

A researcher wants to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should she choose and why is it the best choice? (Concept 6.1)

light microscope, because the specimen is alive (the resolution of the light microscope is far less than that of electron microscopes)

Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? (Concept 6.4) information storage breakdown of complex foods manufacturing energy processing structural support of cells

manufacturing

Which of the following structures is involved with the movement of organelles within a cell? Golgi apparatus Endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondrion Microtubules Intermediate filaments

microtubules

Which of the organelles listed below is involved in energy conversions? Lysosomes Vacuoles Golgi apparatus Mitochondria

mitochondria

Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic but NOT prokaryotic cells? (Concept 6.2) mitochondria ribosomes DNA plasma membrane cytosol

mitochondria (it is a membrane-bound organelle)

Which of the following organelles were probably once independent prokaryote organisms?

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Which of the following five membranes is most likely to have a lipid composition that is distinct from those of the other four? (Concept 6.5) endoplasmic reticulum lysosome membrane plasma membrane Golgi apparatus mitochondrial outer membrane

mitochondrial outer membrane (mitochondria are not part of the endomembrane system and must synthesize their own lipids.)

Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following? actin mitochondria pseudopodia motor proteins tubulin

motor proteins (i.e. dynein)

Nucleic acids would not be found in which of the following? Nucleus Mitochondrion Plant vacuole Ribosome Prokaryotic cell

plant vacuole

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________. (Concept 6.7) a cell wall a microtubule plasmodesmata a tight junction a gap junction

plasmodesmata (the cell walls of plant cells contain numerous channels, with strands of cytoplasm passing through them and connecting one cell's cytoplasm to that of an adjacent cell.)

A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________. (Concept 6.4)

rER

What sequence represents the order in which a protein made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum might move through the endomembrane system? (Concept 6.4)

rER to Golgi to lysosome

Some proteins that are on the surface of mammalian cells are glycosylated. These proteins are synthesized by _______ and glycosylated in the _______.

rER; Golgi

The cytoskeleton functions in all of the following except... maintain cell shape. aid in cell movement. move organelles within cells. interact with other cells. rRNA synthesis

rRNA synthesis

Which organelle has no membrane? vacuole chloroplast ribosome lysosome mitochondrion

ribosome

Which of the following organelles might be found inside other organelles? (Concept 6.5) the nucleolus transport vesicles ribosomes mitochondria none

ribosomes

What are three things that prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common? (Concept 6.2)

ribosomes, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm

What three organelles are primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?

ribosomes, sER, and rER

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to __________. (Concept 6.4) make large amounts of ATP absorb nutrients in the GI tract move rapidly store large quantities of ions secrete large amounts of protein

secrete large amounts of proteins (The Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts the lipids and proteins produced in the ER. Cells that secrete large amounts of material require an extensive Golgi apparatus)

Proteins that are inserted into the rough ER membrane are membrane proteins, not soluble proteins to be ...

secreted

What do limits on maximum cell size depend on?

surface-to-volume ratio

A dish of animal cells was grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorous. The phosphorous largely ended up in nucleotides inside the actively growing animal cells. In which cellular structure or structures would you predict the majority of the radioactive phosphorous to accumulate?

the nucleus (large numbers of nucleotides would be used to make new DNA as the cells grew, and the DNA is housed in the nucleus)

A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________. (Concept 6.2)

the plasma membrane

In bacteria, some of the functions of eukaryotic cells are performed by... vesicles lysosomes mitochondria nucleoli the plasma membrane

the plasma membrane

Which of the following is/are not associated with mitochondria? cristae aerobic respiration ATP synthesis free radicals thylakoids

thylakoids

Within chloroplasts, light is captured by...

thylakoids within grana