Chapter 6 psychology

Retinal disparity

A binocular cue for perceiving depth: by comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes, the brain computes distance- the greater the disparity between the two images, the closer the object

Monocular cues

Depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone

Binocular cues

Desk you such as retinal disparity that depends on the use of two eyes

Sensory adaption

Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

Bottom up processing

Enables are sensory system to take the lines, angles, and colors that form the flower and leaves

Gestalt

An organized whole. Gestalt physiologist emphasize or tendency to intergrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes.

Subliminal

Blow one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness

Feature detection

Brains detector cells respond to specific features edges lines and angles

Transduction

Conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation the transforming of stimulus energy such as sights sounds and smells into neutral impulses are brain can interpret

Back of your brain

Corresponding location in the visual cortex, is the optical lobe at the ____ __ ____ ______

Ganglion axon

Forming the optic nerve run to the thalamus, where they synapse with nerves that runs the visual cortex

Relative size

If we assume two objects are similar in size, most people perceive the one that cats the smaller retinal image as farther away

Difference threshold

Is the minimum difference a person can detect between any two stimuli have the time

Feature detectors

Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus such as shape angle or movement

Linear perspective

Parallel lines appear to meet in the distance. The shaper the angles of congruence the greater the perceived distance

Retinal processing

Raptor rods and cones to bipolar cells to ganglion cells

Color constancy

Receiving familiar objects as having constant color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object

Perceptual constancy

Receiving objects as unchanging even as illumination in retinal imaging change

Cones

Retinal Raptor cells that are contracted near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. The concert text find details and give rise to color sensations. This is the basic for color vision

Rods

Retinal rappers that detect black, white, and grey and necessary for peripheral and Twilight vision, when cones don't respond

Wavelength

The distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next electromagnetic wave length vary from the short blids of cosmetic race to the long pauses of radio

Gustav Fechner

Studied our awareness of these paint stimuli and called them are absolute threshold the minimum stimulation necessary to detect a particular light, sound, pressure, taste, or order 50% of the time

Depth perception

The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional and allows us to judge distance

Intensity

The amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the waves amplitude.

Fovea

The central focal point in the retina, around which the eyes cones cluster

Retina

The curvature and thickness of the lens change to bring nearby or distant objects into focus on the ___

Hue

The dimension of color that is determined by the waves of light and what we know as the color names blue green and so forth

Retina

The light sensitivity inner surface of the eye, containing the Raptor rods and cones plus layers of neutrons I begin the processing of visual information

Absolute threshold

The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

Optic nerve

The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain

Frequency

The number of complete wavelength that can pass a point in a given time, depends on the wavelength. The shorter to the way they playing, the higher the _____

Figure-ground

The organization of the visual field into objects (the fingers) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground)

Blind spot

The point at which the optic nerve leave the eye, creating a _____ _____ because no receptor cells are located there

Webers law

The principle that, - perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a consonant minimum percentage (rather than a continent amount)

Sensation

The process by which our sensory receptors in nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

Perception

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events

Closure

We fill in gaps to create a complete whole object. That's we assume that the circles on the left are complete but partially blocked by the triangle. And nothing more and then little line segments to close off the circles and your brain stops constructing a triangle

Proximity

We group nearby figures together. We see not 6 purple lines but three sets of two lines

Continuity

We perceive smooth continuous patterns rather than disconnected ones. This pattern could be a series of alternating semi circles but we perceive it as to continuous line one wavy one straight

Upside-down

What image is on the retina

Sensation is bottom up processing. Preparation is top-down mental process

What is the rough distinction between sensation and perception