Chapter 6 psychology
Retinal disparity
A binocular cue for perceiving depth: by comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes, the brain computes distance- the greater the disparity between the two images, the closer the object
Monocular cues
Depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone
Binocular cues
Desk you such as retinal disparity that depends on the use of two eyes
Sensory adaption
Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation
Bottom up processing
Enables are sensory system to take the lines, angles, and colors that form the flower and leaves
Gestalt
An organized whole. Gestalt physiologist emphasize or tendency to intergrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes.
Subliminal
Blow one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness
Feature detection
Brains detector cells respond to specific features edges lines and angles
Transduction
Conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation the transforming of stimulus energy such as sights sounds and smells into neutral impulses are brain can interpret
Back of your brain
Corresponding location in the visual cortex, is the optical lobe at the ____ __ ____ ______
Ganglion axon
Forming the optic nerve run to the thalamus, where they synapse with nerves that runs the visual cortex
Relative size
If we assume two objects are similar in size, most people perceive the one that cats the smaller retinal image as farther away
Difference threshold
Is the minimum difference a person can detect between any two stimuli have the time
Feature detectors
Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus such as shape angle or movement
Linear perspective
Parallel lines appear to meet in the distance. The shaper the angles of congruence the greater the perceived distance
Retinal processing
Raptor rods and cones to bipolar cells to ganglion cells
Color constancy
Receiving familiar objects as having constant color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object
Perceptual constancy
Receiving objects as unchanging even as illumination in retinal imaging change
Cones
Retinal Raptor cells that are contracted near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. The concert text find details and give rise to color sensations. This is the basic for color vision
Rods
Retinal rappers that detect black, white, and grey and necessary for peripheral and Twilight vision, when cones don't respond
Wavelength
The distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next electromagnetic wave length vary from the short blids of cosmetic race to the long pauses of radio
Gustav Fechner
Studied our awareness of these paint stimuli and called them are absolute threshold the minimum stimulation necessary to detect a particular light, sound, pressure, taste, or order 50% of the time
Depth perception
The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional and allows us to judge distance
Intensity
The amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the waves amplitude.
Fovea
The central focal point in the retina, around which the eyes cones cluster
Retina
The curvature and thickness of the lens change to bring nearby or distant objects into focus on the ___
Hue
The dimension of color that is determined by the waves of light and what we know as the color names blue green and so forth
Retina
The light sensitivity inner surface of the eye, containing the Raptor rods and cones plus layers of neutrons I begin the processing of visual information
Absolute threshold
The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time
Optic nerve
The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain
Frequency
The number of complete wavelength that can pass a point in a given time, depends on the wavelength. The shorter to the way they playing, the higher the _____
Figure-ground
The organization of the visual field into objects (the fingers) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground)
Blind spot
The point at which the optic nerve leave the eye, creating a _____ _____ because no receptor cells are located there
Webers law
The principle that, - perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a consonant minimum percentage (rather than a continent amount)
Sensation
The process by which our sensory receptors in nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment
Perception
The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events
Closure
We fill in gaps to create a complete whole object. That's we assume that the circles on the left are complete but partially blocked by the triangle. And nothing more and then little line segments to close off the circles and your brain stops constructing a triangle
Proximity
We group nearby figures together. We see not 6 purple lines but three sets of two lines
Continuity
We perceive smooth continuous patterns rather than disconnected ones. This pattern could be a series of alternating semi circles but we perceive it as to continuous line one wavy one straight
Upside-down
What image is on the retina
Sensation is bottom up processing. Preparation is top-down mental process
What is the rough distinction between sensation and perception