Chapter 6 psychology
is the sensory register that briefly holds mental representations of auditory stimuli.
Echoic memory
Which of the following statements is true about a schema?
It is a way of mentally representing the world that can influence perceptions.
Which of the following statements is true about long-term memory?
It is analogous to a biochemical "hard drive."
Which of the following statements is true about retroactive interference?
It is the interference of new learning with the ability to retrieve material learned previously.
of stored information means locating it and returning it to consciousness.
Retrieval
is the failure to remember events that occurred prior to physical trauma because of the effects of the trauma.
Retrograde amnesia
is the type or stage of memory that is first encountered by a stimulus.
Sensory memory
Which of the following is true about the storage of information in long-term memory?
We tend to organize information in order of their hierarchy.
Ludwig, a cellist, is memorizing a musical composition just by listening to it, without referring to the sheet music. He most likely is using a(n)
acoustic code
is a stimulus or group of stimuli that are perceived as a discrete piece of information.
chunk
After a single presentation, Megan can recall her friend's long-distance telephone number and five-digit extension even though the sequence contains 15 digits. One reason for her ease of recall is that she combined the digits into smaller groups of three each. This process is called
chunking
When Claire was baking an apple pie, the odor of the pie triggered some memories of her childhood. She remembered playing with her younger brother in the living room while her mother baked apple pies. Her memory is an example of a(n) _____.
context-dependent memory
The Atkinson-Shiffrin model of stages of memory intends to
determine whether and for how long information is retained in memory
in memory theory, means to cause information to be lost from short-term memory by adding new information.
displace
At a painting exhibition, Martha had admired a painting that depicted a farm. Half an hour later, when she was having lunch with a friend, Martha was able to recall several details depicted in the painting. She remembered correctly the colors that were used, the animals that were drawn, and even the number of trees in the painting. Martha's ability to remember these details would be known as
eidetic imagery
Using the phrase "Elvis's Guitar Broke Down on Friday" to remember the lines (EGBDF) in a musical treble clef is an example of
elaborative rehearsal
Abe and Rose, who have been married for 13 years, are discussing the events that led to their very first date. Rose distinctly remembers giving Abe her telephone number at a party, but Abe is certain that he got her number from her best friend, Linda. Abe and Rose have different _____ of the event.
episodic memories
Which of the following is true about anterograde amnesia?
failure to remember events that happened after a trauma.
is a mental representation of a visual stimulus that is held briefly in sensory memory.
icon
Tracy had taken tennis lessons when she was very young and was a good tennis player in her school. However, she had not played tennis for years when she decided to enroll in a tennis class at college. At the tennis class, a moment after she picked up her racket, Tracy realized that she had shifted it to the correct forehand grip without even thinking. Tracy's _____ made this possible.
implicit memory
Which of the following is true about elaborative rehearsal?
it involving extending letters that need to be remembered
Which of the following statements is true about explicit memory?
it is the memory where things are clearly explained or stated
To remember the names of all the countries in Asia, Jennifer is mentally repeating all the country names several times. This scenario illustrates _____.
maintenance rehearsal
If an image of Abraham Lincoln's face was flashed on a screen, the viewer could hold the visual impression in their sensory register as a(n)
memory trace
is an assumed change in the nervous system that reflects the impression made by a stimulus.
memory trace
which of the following is true about maintenance rehearsal?
mentally saying things to oneself or repeating it
are nonsense syllables presented in pairs in experiments that measure recall.
paired associates
Once we have learned the multiplication tables, the recall of six times six is relatively automatic due to
priming
Studies involving brain imaging reveal that _____ makes it possible for people to carry out mental tasks with less neural activity.
priming
Jonah loves learning new languages. In high-school, he learned French and in college, he learned Italian. Sometimes, when he has a problem remembering Italian words, French words come to mind instead. This is an example of _____.
proactive interference
which of the following is turn about the serial position effect
remembering the first and last items in on a list
In Freud's psychodynamic theory, _________ is the ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from conscious awareness.
repression
Joy speaks Spanish as she has learnt the language in school. She is now learning to speak French. She often notices that sometimes when speaking in Spanish, French words come to mind. This is an example of _____.
retroactive interference
Stephen was recently involved in a car accident due to which he was critically injured. He is unable to recall the events that led to the accident. Stephen is suffering from
retrograde amnesia
Sarah was required to learn a list of 20 numbers in order. Initially, she took 15 repetitions to learn the list. After five days, she had forgotten the list of numbers and had to re-learn it. This time, she only took eight tries to re-learn the numbers. The difference between the number of repetitions she originally took to learn the numbers and the number of repetitions she took to re-learn the numbers is known as _____.
savings
is a way of mentally representing the world, such as a belief or an expectation, which can influence perception of persons, objects, and situations.
schema
is the tendency to recall more accurately the first and last items in a series.
serial-positional effect
While watching a comedy show, Amanda remembered many funny incidents from her own college life. This is an example of ____
state-dependent memory
Caleb had read in the newspaper that a popular corporation had appointed a new CEO. When he was talking about this to a friend, Caleb could only remember the first letter and the last letter of the new CEO's name. This illustrates
the serial-position effect
Dana can only remember a few of the first and last items on her grocery list. Which of the following is this an example of?
the serial-position effect
The ----_____ is the feeling that information is stored in memory although it cannot be readily retrieved.
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
Jason, straining his eyes on the deck of a ship, is trying to memorize distant landmarks to the harbor entrance; he is trying to create a mental picture of all the names. He is using
visual code
is the loss of memory of personal information that is thought to stem from psychological conflict or trauma.
Dissociative amnesia
is the maintenance of detailed visual memories over several minutes.
Eidetic imagery
Katie is a very skilled tap dancer. Her skills are apart of her
implicit memory
Dana always hears stories about how extravagantly her first birthday was celebrated, but she is unable to recall the events of that day. Dana's inability to recall the events of her first birthday is known as
infantile amnesia
Christopher knows a lot of facts about the planet earth. He knows that the circumference of the earth is 40,030 km even though he did not personally measure the circumference of the earth. This knowledge is referred to as _____.
semantic memory
is damaged, a person can form visual memories but not verbal memories.
thalamus
is the inability to recall events that occur prior to the age of three or so.
Infantile amnesia