chapter 6 questions
the scalp lacking an insulating fat layer
Going bald; cold air on scalp
integumentary system
Thermoregulation, sensory reception, vitamin D production and protection are all functions of the
insensible
____________ perspiration occurs when perspiration evaporates quickly so it is not noticed
tactile disc
______________is composed of a specialized cell and a nerve fiber
hair matrix
a region of mitotically active cells that serves as the hairs growth center
composition of perspiration
about 99% water and has a pH of 4-6
hair, nails, and cutaneous glands
accessory organs (appendages) of the skin
composition of sweat
acidic solution containing urea, potassium, sodium chloride and ammonia
stratum basale
actively mitotic cells are found in which layer of the epidermis
polythelia
additional nipples
exocytosis
all sweat glands (apocrine and merocrine) release their secretion via which of the following processes
Hematoma
also called a bruise, is a mass of clotted blood showing through the skin
eponychium
also known as the cuticle. It overhangs the lunule
dermal papilla (hair)
an extension of the vascular system into the hair bulb
Anagen
at any point in time, more than 90% of the scalp follicles are in which stage?
hemangioma
birthmarks, also called _______________ are patches of skin discolored by benign tumors of blood capillaries
cyanosis
blueness of the skin resulting from a deficiency of oxygen in the circulating blood
skin
bodies largest and heaviest organ
dermatology
branch of medicine that deals with the integumentary system is called
stratum lucidum
cells in which epidermal layer contain the protein eleiden
longterm hypoxemia
clubbed fingertips are a clinical sign of
keratohyalin granules
coarse dark-staining granules found in the stratum granulosum
Medulla
core of loosely arranged cells and air spaces that is prominent in thick hair
Hypodermis
deep to the dermis; not apart of the skin
reticular layer
deepest layer of the dermis
diaphoresis
describes the condition in which sweat is produced, causing noticeably wet skin during circulatory shock or exercise
bromhidrosis
disagreeable body odor
Moles
elevated patches of skin that are harmless and sometimes regarded as "beauty marks"
friction ridges
enhance sensitivity to texture by vibrating and stimulating lamellar corpuscles in the skin when the fingertips stroke an uneven surface
brownish black
eumelanin is a form of melanin that has which color?
stratum corneum
fingernails and toenails are hard derivatives of the __________________ of the epidermis
sebaceous glands
flask shaped, with short ducts that usually open into a hair follicle and directly onto to skin
freckles
flat melanized patches found on the skin, that vary with heredity and exposure to the sun?
skin markings
flexion creases, friction ridges and patches of pigmentation are all examples of which of the following?
myoepithelial
found in apocrine and merocrine sweat glands have contractile properties similar to smooth muscle
eyelashes
function as a shield to protect the eyes from windblown debris with a quick blink
an energy reservoir and thermal insulation
function of subcutaneous layer
albinism
genetic lack of melanin that usually results in milky white hair and skin and blue-gray eyes
piloerector
goosebumps are caused by contractions of which muscles?
follicles
hair grows in diagonal tubes called hair________
Thick Skin
has sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous glands
sebum
helps prevents skin and hair from becoming dry and brittle
tight junctions between keratinocytes
how does the structure of the skin play a role in minimizing water loss from the body?
deep to the dermis
hypodermis location
temperature
in the process of thermoregulation, cutaneous nerve endings monitor the ___________ of the body surface
hirsutism
individuals with hormonal imbalances can exhibit excessive hairiness known as
dandruff
is composed of clumps of dander stuck together by sebum and is usually found on the scalp
no
is the epidermis highly vascular?
Calluses
mechanical stress from manual labor accelerates keratinocyte multiplication. This results in formation of ________ or corns on the hands or feet
stratum basale
mitotic cells are found in which layer of the epidermis?
sensing changes in the environment
most important function of the skin
dermal papilla
nourishes the hair cells
scalp
only area with hair that is thick enough to retain heat
pallor
pale or ashen skin color that occurs when there is little blood flow through the skin
keratin
protein produced in the cells of the epidermis that improves its durability and resistance to infection
friction ridges
refers to the markings on fingertips that leave distinctive oily fingerprints on surfaces we touch
nail body
refers to the portion of a fingernail or toenail that is attached to the tip of the digit (finger)?
apocrine glands
release chemicals that exerts effects om sexual behavior
debridement
removal of burned skin
stratum corneum
resists abrasion , penetration, and water loss
sebum
sebaceous glands produce
Cerumonious glands
secrete a substance that combines with sebum to keep the eardrum protected and prevent foreign particles from entering the canal
stratum lucidum
seen only in thick skin
major function of the skin
sensing changes in the environment
apocrine
sex pheromones are secreted from _______ sweat glands
touch
tactile cells are receptors for which of the following
sensing touch
tactile cells are responsible for which of the following
eschar
the burned, dead tissue associated with burns to the skin
Collagen
the dermis consists of connective tissue, with ________ as the most common fiber type within the layer
Hyponychium
the epidermis of the nail bed is called
vellus
the hair type_________ constitutes about two-thirds of the hair in women and one-tenth of the hair in men
accessory
the hair, nails, and cutaneous glands are known as __________ organs of the skin
Lunule
the opaque white crescent that appears at proximal end of a nail
cuticle
the outermost layer of cells that overlap one another like shingles is called
hair shaft
the part of a hair that projects from the surface of the scalp or skin is called the
root
the part of hair enclosed in the follicle
hair follicle
the pilus (hair) grows inside which of the follwing?
water retention
the presence of a layer of lipids between the stratum granulosum facilitates _______
Vibrissae
the structures that guard the nostrils and ear canals, preventing foreign particles from entering these areas are also called guard hairs or
dermal papillae
the upward projections of the dermis at the dermis-epidermis boundary
Cerumonious glands secretion
they waterproof the ear canal, and coats the guard hairs of the ear.
acid mantle
thin, protective film on the skin that has a pH between 4-6
alopecia
thinning of hair, or baldness, is also called
Isograft
tissue is taken from an identical twin and grafted onto the other twin
Production of melanin by melanocytes
various shades of brown pigmentation in the skin
vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin
what happens when body is chilled
Telogen
when hair goes into resting period
palms and soles
which areas of the body is the dermis thickest?
stratum spinosum; stratum granulosum
which epidermal layers contain dendritic cells;
melanin deposited in keratinocytes
which feature of the skin protects the body from UV damage?
merocrine and apocrine
which glands produce their secretions by exocytosis
stratum granulosum
which layer of the epidermis is no longer mitotic and contains dark staining clusters of keratohyalin
Vibrissae or Guard hairs
which structures guard the nostrils and ear canals, preventing particles from entering
epidermis and dermis
which two distinct layers make up the skin
terminal hair
which type of hair includes scalp hair
epithelial
within a hair follicle, the ____________ root sheath is an extension of the epidermis, and lies adjacent to the hair root.
jaundice
yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes resulting from high levels of bilirubin in the blood