Chapter 6 Quiz

The nuclear lamina is an array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a method were found that could cause the lamina to fall into disarray, what would you most likely expect to be the immediate consequence?

-A change in the shape of the nucleus

Cilia and flagella bend because of _____.

-A motor protein called Dynein

Spherocytosis is a human blood disorder associated with a defective cytoskeletal protein in the red blood cells (RBCs). What do you suspect is the consequence of such a defect?

-Abnormally shaped RBCs

The Golgi apparatus has a polarity, or sidedness, to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity?

-All of the listed responses correctly describe polarity characteristics of the Golgi function

In plant cells, the middle lamella _____.

-Allows adjacent cells to adhere to one another

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell EXCEPT _____.

-An endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following is NOT true? Both chloroplasts and mitochondria _____.

-Are part of the endomembrane system

Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?

-Bacteria and Archaea

Which organelle or structure is absent in plant cells?

-Centrosomes

Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

-Chloroplast

Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in _____.

-Chloroplasts

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

-Components of the cytoskeleton

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

-ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

What is the reason that a modern transmission electron microscope (TEM) can resolve biological images to the subnanometer level, as opposed to tens of nanometers achievable for the best super-resolution light microscope?

-Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved _____.

-Endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell—the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

-Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes

Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules?

-Flagella and Motile Cilia

The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by the _____.

-Function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting and directing membrane components

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through _____.

-Gap junctions

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells?

-Gap junctions

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

-Golgi apparatus

A mutation that disrupts the ability of an animal cell to add polysaccharide modifications to proteins would most likely cause defects in its _____.

-Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix

Amoebae move by crawling over a surface (cell crawling), which involves _____.

-Growth of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane

Where are proteins produced other than on ribosomes free in the cytosol or ribosomes attached to the ER?

-In Mitochondria

Where would you expect to find tight junctions?

-In the Epithelium of an animal's stomach

In a plant cell, DNA may be found _____.

-In the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

The extracellular matrix is thought to participate in the regulation of animal cell behavior by communicating information from the outside to the inside of the cell via which of the following?

-Integrins

What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes?

-It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus

The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that _____.

-Light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells

Asbestos is a material that was once used extensively in construction. One risk from working in a building that contains asbestos is the development of asbestosis caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers. Cells will phagocytize asbestos, but are not able to degrade it. As a result, asbestos fibers accumulate in _____.

-Lysosomes

Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the _____.

-Mitochondria

Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely involved in this disease?

-Mitochondria

The smallest cell structure that would most likely be visible with a standard (not super-resolution) research-grade light microscope is a _____.

-Mitochondrion

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

-Mitochondrion

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

-Mitochondrion

Cytochalasin D is a drug that prevents actin polymerization. A cell treated with cytochalasin D will still be able to _____.

-Move vesicles within a cell

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true?

-Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other

Suppose a cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from _____.

-Nearly any eukaryotic organism

A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely _____.

-Primarily producing proteins in the cytosol

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

-Proteins

Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells?

-Proteins secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

-Ribosome

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?

-Rough ER

You have a cube of modeling clay in your hands. Which of the following changes to the shape of this cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume?

-Round the clay up into a sphere

Vinblastine, a drug that inhibits microtubule polymerization, is used to treat some forms of cancer. Cancer cells given vinblastine would be unable to _____.

-Separate chromosomes during cell division

In the fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet is the _____.

-Size and weight of the component

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and, therefore, abundant in liver cells?

-Smooth ER

What technique would be most appropriate to use to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?

-Standard light microscopy

Cell size is limited by _____.

-Surface to volume ratios

A cell with an extensive area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is specialized to _____.

-Synthesize large quantities of lipids

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?

-The Lysosome

In a bacterium, we will find DNA in _____.

-The Nucleoid

The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following is a characteristic common to all of these extracellular structures?

-They are constructed of polymers that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell

In a liver cell detoxifying alcohol and some other poisons, the enzymes of the peroxisome remove hydrogen from these molecules and _____.

-Transfer the hydrogen to oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide

Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella?

-Tubulin

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

-Vacuole

Which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane?

-mRNA