Chapter 6 Urinary System

Infection in urinary system

(UTI) Urinary tract infection

Four parts of the nephron

1. renal corpuscle-composed of glomerulus & Bowman's capsules 2. proximal convoluted tubule 3. nephronic loop- loop of Henle 4. distal convoluted tubule

The sac that stores the urine until it is excreted.

Urinary bladder

Sudden inability of kidneys to excrete wastes

acute renal failure (ARF)

Protein in urine

albuminuria

Condition of no urine

anuria

The blood travels through small arteries in the kidneys called:

arterioles

arteri/o

artery

re-

back

retro-

backward

par-

beside, near

cyst/o, vesic/o

bladder

Hollow flexible tube inserted to withdraw or instill fluid, monitor info, view vessel or cavity

catheter

Measured in stages of increasing severity, from 1-5 of kidney failure

chronic kidney disease (CKD)

-dipsia

condition of thirst

The outer portion of the kidney:

cortex

cortic/o

cortex

Inflammation of bladder

cystitis

Herniation of bladder

cystocele

Instrument for visual exam of inside bladder.

cystoscope

Deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/causes excrete quantities of urine & excessive thirst

diabetes insipidus (DI)

Group of metabolic disorders characterized by high glucose levels/result in inadequate amounts of insulin

diabetes mellitus (DM)

-ptosis

drooping, prolapse

Condition of painful urination

dysuria

Accumulation of fluid

edema

Stage 5 of kidney disease

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

Bed-wetting

enuresis

poly-

excessive, frequent

The major function of the urinary system is to continually maintain a healthy balance of the amount and content of:

extracellular fluids

-flux

flow

Tiny balls of renal capillaries:

glomeruli

glomerul/o

glomerulus

Sugar in urine

glycosuria

-cele

herniation

Location where the ureter & renal vein leaves the kidney & the renal artery enters:

hilum

hil/o

hilum

Dilation of renal pelvis & calices of one or both kidneys from obstruction

hydronephrosis

en-

in

-tomy

incision

Inability to hold urine

incontinence, urinary

-scope

instrument to view

chym/o

juices

nephr/o or ren/o

kidney

meat/o

meatus

The inner portion of the kidney:

medulla

medull/o

medulla

Inflammation of kidney

nephritis

Stones in kidney

nephrolithiasis

Tissue in cortex with millions of microscopic units:

nephrons

Prolapse or sagging kidney

nephroptosis

Hardening of arteries of kidneys

nephrosclerosis or renal sclerosis

Abnormal group of symptoms in the kidney

nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)

azot/o

nitrogen

Excessive urination at night

nocturia

extra-

outside

dys-

painful, abnormal

parenchym/o

parenchyma

The work of the urinary system is done by special tissue in the kidneys called:

parenchymal tissue

peritone/o

peritoneum

-al, -ar, -ic

pertaining to

Condition of excessive thirst

polydipsia

Condition of excessive urine

polyuria

-ation, -ion

process of

-tripsy

process of crushing

-graphy

process of recordin

-scopy

process of viewing

Infection of renal pelvis & parenchyma

pyelonephritis

-lithotomy

removal of a stone

Pertaining to kidneys:

renal

What transports unfiltered blood to the kidneys.

renal afferent arteries

calic/o, cali/o, calyc/o

renal calyx

Sever pain associated with kidney stones

renal colic

pyel/o

renal pelvis

Extension of the ureter inside of the kidney are:

renal pelvis & calyces

Inability to release urine

retention, urinary

Another name for abdominal cavity is:

retroperitoneal

-lysis

separation, break down

lith/o

stone

strom/o

stromal tissue

The ureters, bladder & urethra are all what kind of tissue:

stromal tissue (supportive tissue)

gluc/o, glycos/o

sugar, glucose

-pexy

suspension

di-

through, complete

Smooth Triangular area in the bladder between the ureters' entrance & the urethral outlet is called:

trigone

trigon/o

trigone

Inflammation of trigone

trigonitis

ureter/o

ureter

Prolapse of terminal end of ureter

ureterocele

Thin, muscular tubes that move urine in peristaltic waves from the kidneys to the bladder.

ureters

Tube that conducts the urine out of the bladder.

urethra

Opening of the urethra is called

urethra meatus

urethr/o

urethro

Intense sensational of need to urinate

urgency

-uria

urinary condition

The act of releasing urine is called:

urination, voiding, or micturition

urin/o or ur/o

urine, urinary system

Stones anywhere in urinary tract (urinary calculi)

urolithiasis

Medical specialist for urinary disorders is:

urologist

The specialty of urinary system is:

urology

an-

without