Chapter 7

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When protons are pumped outside the cell membrane

a proton motive force is created

Please choose the answer that best completes the blanks of this sentence in the correct order. _________ inhibition of an enzyme occurs when the inhibitor mimics the substrate and occupies the active site of the enzyme, whereas ___________ inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to a regulatory site on the enzyme that is separate and distinct from the active site.

competitive; noncompetitive

Metabolic pathways that regenerate their starting point are called _____ pathways.

cyclic

Consider the biochemical pathway: A - E1 -> B - E2 -> C Enzyme 1 can utilize

only A as substrate

Enzymes are

proteins

Enzymes are

proteins that function as catalysts

Exergonic reactions

release energy.

Please choose the answer that best completes the blanks of this sentence in the correct order. Enzyme _________ decreases or stops the synthesis of an enzyme when the enzyme is not needed, whereas enzyme ___________ initiates the synthesis of an enzyme only when it is needed (the substrate is present).

repression; induction

Which of the following binds to the active site of an enzyme?

substrate

The majority of reduced NAD is produced in

the Krebs cycle

An apoenzyme is

the protein part of a holoenzyme

Oxygen acts as

the terminal electron acceptor

Which of the following statements, by the patient's mother, best represents an understanding of metabolism?

"Metabolism involves all chemical reactions and physical workings of the cell."

As the RN, you initiate IV fluid therapy for the patient. Knowing the importance of cellular energy production, which of the following maintenance IV fluids would you expect to be ordered by the physician?

0.9% sodium chloride with dextrose

An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction in the cell, but can only be used once. T or F?

False

Enzymes that are always present, regardless of the amount of substrate, are

constitutive enzymes

All of the following are true of enzymes except

enzymes create a chemical reaction

The organism is found to grow throughout the entire tube of fluid thioglycollate broth media. Which of the following terms best describes the oxygen requirement of this organism?

facultative anaerobe

The organism sample is further tested and found to grow in the absence of oxygen. Which of three main pathways of catabolism may this organism utilize to produce energy in the absence of free oxygen?

fermentation and anaerobic respiration

When glucose is broken down by glycolysis during bacterial fermentation, how many ATP are generated?

2 ATP

As the RN, you are familiar with ATP production in bacterial and eukaryotic cells. How many ATP do you expect aerobic respiration to yield in the patient's cells?

36 ATPs

In bacterial cells, when glucose is completely oxidized by all the pathways of aerobic cellular respiration, what is the maximum number of ATP generated?

38 ATP

Choose the statement that best describes glycolysis.

A multistep process resulting in the enzymatic splitting and oxidation of glucose to form pyruvic acid, with a net gain of 2 ATP

The chemical(s) in which energy is stored in cells is(are) ________.

ATP

Consider the biochemical pathway: A - E1 -> B - E2 -> C If Enzyme 2 is inactive, which of the following compounds will accumulate?

B only

Choose the statement that most accurately expressed the significance of the electron transport system.

The electron transport system transforms the energy of electrons into the potential energy of an electrochemical gradient (proton gradient) across the cell membrane (bacteria) or inner mitochondrial membrane (eukaryotes). This proton gradient provides the energy used by ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP, producing ATP.

Which of the following statement(s) about biochemical pathways is(are) TRUE?

They are very well organized and structured and they convert an initial substrate via a series of steps into an end product.

In a biochemical pathway, the product of the first reaction becomes the substrate in the second reaction. T or F?

True

The energy captured in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP comes from the proton motive force created in respiration. T or F?

True

Please choose the answer that best completes the blanks of this sentence in the correct order. Both aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration utilize glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and an electron transport system, but in ________ respiration, O2 is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport system, whereas in _________, an inorganic molecule other than O2 is the final electron acceptor.

aerobic; anaerobic

Please choose the answer that best completes the blanks of this sentence in the correct order. The three basic catabolic pathways are ________ respiration (oxygen is the final electron acceptor), _________ respiration (nonoxygen electron acceptors), and __________ (organic molecules as final electron acceptors).

aerobic; anaerobic; fermentation

The property of organisms to integrate catabolic and anabolic pathways to improve cell efficiency is called

amphibolism.

Formation of peptide bonds between amino acids to build a polypeptide would be called

anabolism

Please choose the answer that best completes the blanks of this sentence in the correct order. All of the chemical reactions that occur within a cell are collectively referred to as metabolism. This includes _________, which are those reactions that use energy and synthesize building blocks and macromolecules, and __________, which are the cellular reactions that break larger molecules into smaller molecules and release energy.

anabolism; catabolism

Protons received from NADH

are pumped outside the cell

During which of the phases of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP formed?

electron transport

You are knowledgeable about cellular metabolism. Which of the following processes is common to fermentation, anaerobic respiration, and aerobic respiration?

glycolysis

FAD, NAD, and coenzyme A are all _____ carriers.

hydrogen and electron

Each of the following are denaturing agents except

low temperature

All of the chemical reactions of the cell are called

metabolism


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