Chapter 7
When protons are pumped outside the cell membrane
a proton motive force is created
Please choose the answer that best completes the blanks of this sentence in the correct order. _________ inhibition of an enzyme occurs when the inhibitor mimics the substrate and occupies the active site of the enzyme, whereas ___________ inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to a regulatory site on the enzyme that is separate and distinct from the active site.
competitive; noncompetitive
Metabolic pathways that regenerate their starting point are called _____ pathways.
cyclic
Consider the biochemical pathway: A - E1 -> B - E2 -> C Enzyme 1 can utilize
only A as substrate
Enzymes are
proteins
Enzymes are
proteins that function as catalysts
Exergonic reactions
release energy.
Please choose the answer that best completes the blanks of this sentence in the correct order. Enzyme _________ decreases or stops the synthesis of an enzyme when the enzyme is not needed, whereas enzyme ___________ initiates the synthesis of an enzyme only when it is needed (the substrate is present).
repression; induction
Which of the following binds to the active site of an enzyme?
substrate
The majority of reduced NAD is produced in
the Krebs cycle
An apoenzyme is
the protein part of a holoenzyme
Oxygen acts as
the terminal electron acceptor
Which of the following statements, by the patient's mother, best represents an understanding of metabolism?
"Metabolism involves all chemical reactions and physical workings of the cell."
As the RN, you initiate IV fluid therapy for the patient. Knowing the importance of cellular energy production, which of the following maintenance IV fluids would you expect to be ordered by the physician?
0.9% sodium chloride with dextrose
An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction in the cell, but can only be used once. T or F?
False
Enzymes that are always present, regardless of the amount of substrate, are
constitutive enzymes
All of the following are true of enzymes except
enzymes create a chemical reaction
The organism is found to grow throughout the entire tube of fluid thioglycollate broth media. Which of the following terms best describes the oxygen requirement of this organism?
facultative anaerobe
The organism sample is further tested and found to grow in the absence of oxygen. Which of three main pathways of catabolism may this organism utilize to produce energy in the absence of free oxygen?
fermentation and anaerobic respiration
When glucose is broken down by glycolysis during bacterial fermentation, how many ATP are generated?
2 ATP
As the RN, you are familiar with ATP production in bacterial and eukaryotic cells. How many ATP do you expect aerobic respiration to yield in the patient's cells?
36 ATPs
In bacterial cells, when glucose is completely oxidized by all the pathways of aerobic cellular respiration, what is the maximum number of ATP generated?
38 ATP
Choose the statement that best describes glycolysis.
A multistep process resulting in the enzymatic splitting and oxidation of glucose to form pyruvic acid, with a net gain of 2 ATP
The chemical(s) in which energy is stored in cells is(are) ________.
ATP
Consider the biochemical pathway: A - E1 -> B - E2 -> C If Enzyme 2 is inactive, which of the following compounds will accumulate?
B only
Choose the statement that most accurately expressed the significance of the electron transport system.
The electron transport system transforms the energy of electrons into the potential energy of an electrochemical gradient (proton gradient) across the cell membrane (bacteria) or inner mitochondrial membrane (eukaryotes). This proton gradient provides the energy used by ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP, producing ATP.
Which of the following statement(s) about biochemical pathways is(are) TRUE?
They are very well organized and structured and they convert an initial substrate via a series of steps into an end product.
In a biochemical pathway, the product of the first reaction becomes the substrate in the second reaction. T or F?
True
The energy captured in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP comes from the proton motive force created in respiration. T or F?
True
Please choose the answer that best completes the blanks of this sentence in the correct order. Both aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration utilize glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and an electron transport system, but in ________ respiration, O2 is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport system, whereas in _________, an inorganic molecule other than O2 is the final electron acceptor.
aerobic; anaerobic
Please choose the answer that best completes the blanks of this sentence in the correct order. The three basic catabolic pathways are ________ respiration (oxygen is the final electron acceptor), _________ respiration (nonoxygen electron acceptors), and __________ (organic molecules as final electron acceptors).
aerobic; anaerobic; fermentation
The property of organisms to integrate catabolic and anabolic pathways to improve cell efficiency is called
amphibolism.
Formation of peptide bonds between amino acids to build a polypeptide would be called
anabolism
Please choose the answer that best completes the blanks of this sentence in the correct order. All of the chemical reactions that occur within a cell are collectively referred to as metabolism. This includes _________, which are those reactions that use energy and synthesize building blocks and macromolecules, and __________, which are the cellular reactions that break larger molecules into smaller molecules and release energy.
anabolism; catabolism
Protons received from NADH
are pumped outside the cell
During which of the phases of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP formed?
electron transport
You are knowledgeable about cellular metabolism. Which of the following processes is common to fermentation, anaerobic respiration, and aerobic respiration?
glycolysis
FAD, NAD, and coenzyme A are all _____ carriers.
hydrogen and electron
Each of the following are denaturing agents except
low temperature
All of the chemical reactions of the cell are called
metabolism
