chapter 7
define informal sanctions in your own words
Sanctions that occur in face-to-face interactions
define crime in your own words
a behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions
define police in your own wordds
a civil force in charge of regulating laws and public order at a federal, state, or community level
define self-report study in your own words
a collection of data acquired using voluntary response methods, such as questionnaires or telephone interviews
According to social disorganization theory, crime is most likely to occur where?
a community where neighbors dont know each other very well
define master status
a label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual
According to C. Wright Mills, which of the following people is most likely to be a member of the power elite?
a senator
define power elite in your own words
a small group of wealthy and influential people at the top of society who hold the power and resources
which theorist would say the following? "Crime and deviance are learned from the environment and either encouraged or discouraged by those around us."
a symbolic interactionist
define court in your own words
a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law
define strain theory
a theory that addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals
define social disorganization theory in your own words
a theory that asserts crime occurs in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control
Define Conflict Theory
a theory that examines social and economic factors as the causes of criminal deviance
define differential association theory
a theory that states individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of an opportunities for deviance
define control theory in your own words
a theory that states social control is directly affected by the strength of social bonds and that deviance results from a feeling of disconnection from society
define cultural deviance theory in your own words
a theory that suggests conformity to the prevailing cultural norms or lower-class society causes crime
define deviance in your own words
a violation of contextual, cultural, or social norms
define primary deviance
a violation of norms that does not result results in any long-term effects on the individual's self-image or interactions with others
Define victimless crime
activities against the law, but that do not result in injury to any individual other than the person who engages in them
protesters during the Vietnam war era staged non-violent "sit in" protests that involved occupying strategic public locations to draw attention to their opinions. Protests like these are considered
acts of deviance
which of the following statements about deviance is not true
all deviant acts are criminal
all of the following statements about emile durkheim's perspective on the role of deviance in society are true, except
all deviant acts should be punished
during the Civil Rights Movement a black woman named rosa parks broke a social norm by refusing to give up her seat to a white man. this exemplifies
an act of deviance
define social order in your own words
an arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society's members base their daily lives
define criminal justice system in your own words
an organization that exists to enforce a legal code
define hate crimes in your own words
attacks based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics
according to the concept of the power elite, why would a celebrity such as charlie sheen commit a crime?
because his fame protects him from retribution
define legal codes in your own words
codes that maintain formal social control through laws
a study shows that blue-collar crimes are punished more harshly than white-collar crimes. which perspective on the role of deviance in society does this study support?
conflict theory
for decades, bernie madoff convinced his investors that they were making legitimate investments that offered great returns. These actions amounted to one of the biggest ponzi schemes in history. Madoff's fradulent acts are examples of ________
corporate crime
which part of the united states criminal justice system is charged with supervising individuals who have been arrested, convicted, and sentenced for committing a criminal offense?
corrections
define street crime in your own words
crime committed by avg people against other people or organizations, usually in public spaces
define corporate crime in your own words
crime committed by white-collar workers in a business environment
define violent crimes
crimes based on the use of force or the threat of force
define nonviolent crimes in your own words
crimes that involve the destruction or theft of property, but do not use force or the threat of force
Which of the following best describes how deviance is defined?
deviance is socially defined
define secondary deviance in your own words
deviance that occurs when a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society
which sociological theory states that deviant behavior is learned from those closest to the individual deviant?
differential association
which of the following is an example of corporate crime?
embezzlement
a promotion at work is an example of which kind of sanction
formal, positive
a students has a habit of talking on her cell phone during class. One day, the professor stops his lecture and asks her to respect the other students by turning off her phone. In this situation the professor used __________ to maintain social control
informal negative sanctions
One day, you decide to wear pajamas to the grocery store. While you shop, you notice people giving you strange looks and whispering to others. In this case, the grocery store patrons are demonstrating _______.
informal sanctions
An angry comment is an example of which kind of sanction?
informal, negative
which sociological theory examines the ascribing of deviant behavior to another person by members of society
labeling
which part of the united states criminal justice system is charged with enforcing laws and public order
police
a student wakes up late and realizes her sociology exam starts in 5 min. She jumps into her car and speeds down the road, where she is pulled over by a police officer. The student explains that she is running later, and the officer lets her off with a warning. The student's actions are an example of _______
primary deviance
__________ deviance is a violation of norms that __________ result in a person being labeled a deviant
primary, does not
define negative sanctions in your own words
punishments for violating norms
which of the following situations best describes crime trends in the United states
rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing
define positive sanctions in your own words
rewards given for conforming to norms
as a child growing up in the chicago projects, corrina dreamed of becoming a physician and always worked hard in school. When she reached high school, she applied for several scholarships, .........
ritualism
define formal sanctions in your own words
sanctions that are officially recognized and enforced
Societies practice social control to maintain ________.
social order
what is a disadvantage of the national crime victimization survey (NCVS)?
the NCVS may be unable to reach important groups, such as those without phones
Define labeling theory
the ascribing of a deviant behavior to another person by members of society
define sanctions in your own words
the means of enforcing rules
a convicted sexual offender is released on parole and arrested two weeks later for repeated sexual crimes. How would labeling theory explain this?
the offender has been labeled deviant by society and has accepted a new master status
define social control in your own words
the regulation and enforcement of norms
define corrections system in your own words
the system tasked with supervising individuals who have been arrested for, convicted of, or sentenced for criminal offenses
which of the following statements about police is false
the united states has a national police force
state court systems generally include all of the following courts, except _____
united states supreme court
which of the following statements about victimless crimes is not true?
victimless crimes are crimes that involve the destruction or theft of property, but not by use of force or threat of force
spousal abuse is en example of what kind of crime?
violent crime
Shaw and McKay found that crime is linked primarily to ________.
wealth