chapter 7

define informal sanctions in your own words

Sanctions that occur in face-to-face interactions

define crime in your own words

a behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions

define police in your own wordds

a civil force in charge of regulating laws and public order at a federal, state, or community level

define self-report study in your own words

a collection of data acquired using voluntary response methods, such as questionnaires or telephone interviews

According to social disorganization theory, crime is most likely to occur where?

a community where neighbors dont know each other very well

define master status

a label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual

According to C. Wright Mills, which of the following people is most likely to be a member of the power elite?

a senator

define power elite in your own words

a small group of wealthy and influential people at the top of society who hold the power and resources

which theorist would say the following? "Crime and deviance are learned from the environment and either encouraged or discouraged by those around us."

a symbolic interactionist

define court in your own words

a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law

define strain theory

a theory that addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals

define social disorganization theory in your own words

a theory that asserts crime occurs in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control

Define Conflict Theory

a theory that examines social and economic factors as the causes of criminal deviance

define differential association theory

a theory that states individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of an opportunities for deviance

define control theory in your own words

a theory that states social control is directly affected by the strength of social bonds and that deviance results from a feeling of disconnection from society

define cultural deviance theory in your own words

a theory that suggests conformity to the prevailing cultural norms or lower-class society causes crime

define deviance in your own words

a violation of contextual, cultural, or social norms

define primary deviance

a violation of norms that does not result results in any long-term effects on the individual's self-image or interactions with others

Define victimless crime

activities against the law, but that do not result in injury to any individual other than the person who engages in them

protesters during the Vietnam war era staged non-violent "sit in" protests that involved occupying strategic public locations to draw attention to their opinions. Protests like these are considered

acts of deviance

which of the following statements about deviance is not true

all deviant acts are criminal

all of the following statements about emile durkheim's perspective on the role of deviance in society are true, except

all deviant acts should be punished

during the Civil Rights Movement a black woman named rosa parks broke a social norm by refusing to give up her seat to a white man. this exemplifies

an act of deviance

define social order in your own words

an arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society's members base their daily lives

define criminal justice system in your own words

an organization that exists to enforce a legal code

define hate crimes in your own words

attacks based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics

according to the concept of the power elite, why would a celebrity such as charlie sheen commit a crime?

because his fame protects him from retribution

define legal codes in your own words

codes that maintain formal social control through laws

a study shows that blue-collar crimes are punished more harshly than white-collar crimes. which perspective on the role of deviance in society does this study support?

conflict theory

for decades, bernie madoff convinced his investors that they were making legitimate investments that offered great returns. These actions amounted to one of the biggest ponzi schemes in history. Madoff's fradulent acts are examples of ________

corporate crime

which part of the united states criminal justice system is charged with supervising individuals who have been arrested, convicted, and sentenced for committing a criminal offense?

corrections

define street crime in your own words

crime committed by avg people against other people or organizations, usually in public spaces

define corporate crime in your own words

crime committed by white-collar workers in a business environment

define violent crimes

crimes based on the use of force or the threat of force

define nonviolent crimes in your own words

crimes that involve the destruction or theft of property, but do not use force or the threat of force

Which of the following best describes how deviance is defined?

deviance is socially defined

define secondary deviance in your own words

deviance that occurs when a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society

which sociological theory states that deviant behavior is learned from those closest to the individual deviant?

differential association

which of the following is an example of corporate crime?

embezzlement

a promotion at work is an example of which kind of sanction

formal, positive

a students has a habit of talking on her cell phone during class. One day, the professor stops his lecture and asks her to respect the other students by turning off her phone. In this situation the professor used __________ to maintain social control

informal negative sanctions

One day, you decide to wear pajamas to the grocery store. While you shop, you notice people giving you strange looks and whispering to others. In this case, the grocery store patrons are demonstrating _______.

informal sanctions

An angry comment is an example of which kind of sanction?

informal, negative

which sociological theory examines the ascribing of deviant behavior to another person by members of society

labeling

which part of the united states criminal justice system is charged with enforcing laws and public order

police

a student wakes up late and realizes her sociology exam starts in 5 min. She jumps into her car and speeds down the road, where she is pulled over by a police officer. The student explains that she is running later, and the officer lets her off with a warning. The student's actions are an example of _______

primary deviance

__________ deviance is a violation of norms that __________ result in a person being labeled a deviant

primary, does not

define negative sanctions in your own words

punishments for violating norms

which of the following situations best describes crime trends in the United states

rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing

define positive sanctions in your own words

rewards given for conforming to norms

as a child growing up in the chicago projects, corrina dreamed of becoming a physician and always worked hard in school. When she reached high school, she applied for several scholarships, .........

ritualism

define formal sanctions in your own words

sanctions that are officially recognized and enforced

Societies practice social control to maintain ________.

social order

what is a disadvantage of the national crime victimization survey (NCVS)?

the NCVS may be unable to reach important groups, such as those without phones

Define labeling theory

the ascribing of a deviant behavior to another person by members of society

define sanctions in your own words

the means of enforcing rules

a convicted sexual offender is released on parole and arrested two weeks later for repeated sexual crimes. How would labeling theory explain this?

the offender has been labeled deviant by society and has accepted a new master status

define social control in your own words

the regulation and enforcement of norms

define corrections system in your own words

the system tasked with supervising individuals who have been arrested for, convicted of, or sentenced for criminal offenses

which of the following statements about police is false

the united states has a national police force

state court systems generally include all of the following courts, except _____

united states supreme court

which of the following statements about victimless crimes is not true?

victimless crimes are crimes that involve the destruction or theft of property, but not by use of force or threat of force

spousal abuse is en example of what kind of crime?

violent crime

Shaw and McKay found that crime is linked primarily to ________.

wealth