chapter 7
What is the RDA for protein?
0.8 g/kg
There are _____ nonessential amino acids
11
The Food and Nutrition Board recommends that protein intake does not exceed ___% of energy intake.
35
Proteins, while not typically used for supplying daily calorie needs, can supply the body with ______ kcal per gram.
4
Gabriel weighs 70 kilograms. Calculate his recommended daily intake for protein.
56 grams
This is a measurement of how efficiently the absorbed food protein is converted into body tissue protein.
Biological value
Quinoa, soy, and ______ protein are the examples of plant-based proteins that contain all 9 essential amino acids.
Buckwheat
In order for amino acids to be available for absorption, proteins must be ______ during digestion.
Denatured
Which food is among the 8 foods that account for 90% of all food allergies?
Eggs
Quinoa and soy protein are both plant-based proteins that meet ________ amino acid needs.
Essential
amino acid, also called indispensable, cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts, if at all, and must be included in the diet.
Essential
Although a vegan may be getting adequate total protein, what specific type of protein may be deficient in their diet?
High biological value
Amino acids are important in the synthesis of many ______, such as insulin and glucagon.
Hormones
Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?
Non essential
Amino acid needs can be met
Over the course of day
The bond that links amino acids together to form a protein is called a(an) ____ bond.
Peptide
The following amino acids are essential and must be supplied by our diet.
Phenylalanine Methionine Histidine
proteins are heart-healthy because they contain no cholesterol.
Plant
The body needs a ______ protein balance when growing or recovering from illness or injury
Positive
The nutrient that serves in the regulation and maintenance of the human body by aiding in fluid balance, cell synthesis and repair, and visual processes is
Protein
If a person is diseased or malnourished, the process of rebuilding and repairing the body's proteins will
Slow down
Most of the ______ released throughout the body can be recycled to become part of the pool available for the synthesis of future proteins.
amino acids
The 11 nonessential amino acids
can be made in our bodies and do not need to be present in the diet
What can cause the concentration of proteins in the blood to decrease?
inadequate protein consumption
Lack of protein can negatively affect many metabolic processes causing
increased risk of infection and inefficient functioning of the immune system
An essential amino acid
must be included in the diet or a deficiency will occur. and cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts.
Jean consumes 56 g of protein daily. The nitrogen equivalent of 60 g of protein is measured in her urine. Jean is in a state of
negative protein balance
Which hormone is made only from one amino acid?
thyroid hormone
Amino acid absorption is _______ by protein denaturation
Aided
Proteins from ______ are considered to be a good source of all 9 essential amino acids.
Animals
The nucleotide units that contain instructions for protein synthesis are called
Codons
Proteins that are ______ need not be consumed at the same meal but can be balanced over the course of a day to provide sufficient essential amino acids.
Complementary
Which of the following are the four (4) building blocks of DNA?
Guanine Thymine Cytosine Adenine
Blood proteins have what type of influence on body fluids?
Help to maintain body fluid
If the synthesis of protein drops below normal rates due to disease or malnourishment, what condition will develop?
Kwashiorkor
An illness might cause ______ protein balance especially when a person is not consuming adequate amounts of protein.
Negative
Most vital body proteins are in a constant state of breakdown, rebuilding, and repair. What is this process called?
Protein turnover
The body links amino acids with peptide bonds in order to form
Proteins
Which nutrient plays a vital role in providing structural support to body cells and tissues?
Proteins
______ help regulate acid-base balance in the blood.
Proteins
Plant proteins are a heart-healthy alternative to animal proteins because they typically contain less or no ______ than animal sources of protein
Saturated fat, cholesterol
Where does the digestion of protein begin?
Stomach
What is the reason why energy needs may not be met in infants and children following a vegetarian or vegan diet?
They consume a diet rich in high fiber, low calorie foods that cause fullness.
What is the best way to consume amino acids?
Whole food
Denaturation is the process of
altering the 3-dimensional structure of a protein.
If a food _______, it should allow for efficient incorporation of food-derived amino acids into body protein.
contains all 9 essential amino acids
Protein synthesis takes place in the _____
cytosol of the cell
Healthy individuals who are not in periods of growth or recovering from an illness or injury need to consume protein in an amount that is ______ the amount lost in urine, feces, sweat, skin cells, hair, and nails.
equal to
Histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine are all
essential amino acids