chapter 7

What is the RDA for protein?

0.8 g/kg

There are _____ nonessential amino acids

11

The Food and Nutrition Board recommends that protein intake does not exceed ___% of energy intake.

35

Proteins, while not typically used for supplying daily calorie needs, can supply the body with ______ kcal per gram.

4

Gabriel weighs 70 kilograms. Calculate his recommended daily intake for protein.

56 grams

This is a measurement of how efficiently the absorbed food protein is converted into body tissue protein.

Biological value

Quinoa, soy, and ______ protein are the examples of plant-based proteins that contain all 9 essential amino acids.

Buckwheat

In order for amino acids to be available for absorption, proteins must be ______ during digestion.

Denatured

Which food is among the 8 foods that account for 90% of all food allergies?

Eggs

Quinoa and soy protein are both plant-based proteins that meet ________ amino acid needs.

Essential

amino acid, also called indispensable, cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts, if at all, and must be included in the diet.

Essential

Although a vegan may be getting adequate total protein, what specific type of protein may be deficient in their diet?

High biological value

Amino acids are important in the synthesis of many ______, such as insulin and glucagon.

Hormones

Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?

Non essential

Amino acid needs can be met

Over the course of day

The bond that links amino acids together to form a protein is called a(an) ____ bond.

Peptide

The following amino acids are essential and must be supplied by our diet.

Phenylalanine Methionine Histidine

proteins are heart-healthy because they contain no cholesterol.

Plant

The body needs a ______ protein balance when growing or recovering from illness or injury

Positive

The nutrient that serves in the regulation and maintenance of the human body by aiding in fluid balance, cell synthesis and repair, and visual processes is

Protein

If a person is diseased or malnourished, the process of rebuilding and repairing the body's proteins will

Slow down

Most of the ______ released throughout the body can be recycled to become part of the pool available for the synthesis of future proteins.

amino acids

The 11 nonessential amino acids

can be made in our bodies and do not need to be present in the diet

What can cause the concentration of proteins in the blood to decrease?

inadequate protein consumption

Lack of protein can negatively affect many metabolic processes causing

increased risk of infection and inefficient functioning of the immune system

An essential amino acid

must be included in the diet or a deficiency will occur. and cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts.

Jean consumes 56 g of protein daily. The nitrogen equivalent of 60 g of protein is measured in her urine. Jean is in a state of

negative protein balance

Which hormone is made only from one amino acid?

thyroid hormone

Amino acid absorption is _______ by protein denaturation

Aided

Proteins from ______ are considered to be a good source of all 9 essential amino acids.

Animals

The nucleotide units that contain instructions for protein synthesis are called

Codons

Proteins that are ______ need not be consumed at the same meal but can be balanced over the course of a day to provide sufficient essential amino acids.

Complementary

Which of the following are the four (4) building blocks of DNA?

Guanine Thymine Cytosine Adenine

Blood proteins have what type of influence on body fluids?

Help to maintain body fluid

If the synthesis of protein drops below normal rates due to disease or malnourishment, what condition will develop?

Kwashiorkor

An illness might cause ______ protein balance especially when a person is not consuming adequate amounts of protein.

Negative

Most vital body proteins are in a constant state of breakdown, rebuilding, and repair. What is this process called?

Protein turnover

The body links amino acids with peptide bonds in order to form

Proteins

Which nutrient plays a vital role in providing structural support to body cells and tissues?

Proteins

______ help regulate acid-base balance in the blood.

Proteins

Plant proteins are a heart-healthy alternative to animal proteins because they typically contain less or no ______ than animal sources of protein

Saturated fat, cholesterol

Where does the digestion of protein begin?

Stomach

What is the reason why energy needs may not be met in infants and children following a vegetarian or vegan diet?

They consume a diet rich in high fiber, low calorie foods that cause fullness.

What is the best way to consume amino acids?

Whole food

Denaturation is the process of

altering the 3-dimensional structure of a protein.

If a food _______, it should allow for efficient incorporation of food-derived amino acids into body protein.

contains all 9 essential amino acids

Protein synthesis takes place in the _____

cytosol of the cell

Healthy individuals who are not in periods of growth or recovering from an illness or injury need to consume protein in an amount that is ______ the amount lost in urine, feces, sweat, skin cells, hair, and nails.

equal to

Histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine are all

essential amino acids