Chapter 7
Name and give the number of vertebrae in each of the five regions of the vertebral column.
7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 1 sacral bone, and 1 coccygeal bone
The first cervical vertebrae is the __
Atlas
6. Marilyn has been diagnosed with a fractured dens or odontoid process. Which specific bone is affected?
C2
The collar bone is the .
Calvicle
The _____ region of the vertebral column is located in the neck.
Cervical
Name the four major sutures of the skull and the bones they connect
Coronal (the frontal bone and the parietal bone), sagittal (the two parietal bones), lambdoid (parietal and occipital bone), squamous (the temporal bones)
Ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum are called _____ ribs
False
What structure allows the brainstem to connect to the spinal cord?
Foramen magnum
What are the parts and general functions of the axial skeleton
Forms the central axis of the body, consists of the bones of the skull, the auditory ossicles, the hyoid bone, the vertebral column, and the thoracic cage. protects the brain, the spinal cord, and the vital organs housed within the thorax.
The appendicular skeleton consist of the limbs and their
Girldes
A dislocated shoulder involves separation of the __________ from the scapula
Humerus
Eighty-year old Mrs. Smith has a bent-over stance with a noticeable hump back. Along with osteoporosis, Mrs. Smith also is afflicted with which condition?
Kyphosis
Describe four shape bones
Long, Short, Flat, Irregular Bones
What are the parts of the sternum
Manubrium, body, xiphoid process. The superior margin of the manubrium has a jugular (suprasternal) notch in the midline. The point at which the manubrium joins the body of the sternum can be felt as a prominence on the anterior thorax called the sternal angle
A person who gets hit on the back of the head might suffer injury to which of the bones ?
Occipital
What are the functions of the vertebral column?
Supports the weight of the head and trunk; protects the spinal cord; allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord; provides a site for muscle attachment; permits movement of the head and trunk
Where is the hyoid bone located? why is it a unique bone? What are its functions?
The hyoid bone is embedded in soft tissue in the neck just below the mandible. The hyoid bone has the unique distinction of being the only bone in the body not directly attached to another bone. It has no direct bony attachment to the skull. The hyoid bone is important for speech and swallowing.
What bones form the pelvic girdle
The two hip bones (coxal bones) and the sacrum
What are the functions of sinuses? Give the locations of the paranasal sinuses.
They decrease the weight of the skull; they act as a resonating chamber when speaking. Frontal sinus, ethmoidal labyrinth sinuses, sphenoidal sinus, maxillary sinus
Spina bifida -
a condition that affects the spine and is usually apparent at birth. It is a type of neural tube defect. Can happen anywhere along the spine if the neural tube does not close all the way.
Kyphosis -
an exaggeration of the concave curve of the thoracic region
Lordosis -
an exaggeration of the convex curve of the lumbar region
The pelvic girdle and lower limb are part of the
appendicular skeleton.
The vertebral column is part of the __ skeleton
axial
The hyoid bone is part of the
axial skeleton
List the two anatomical portions of the skeletal system
axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton
The common name for the sternum is the
breast bone
The heel of the foot is formed by the
calcaneus
The acromion process has an articulation with the
calvicle
Failure of the palatine processes of the maxilla to fuse properly during development results in a
cleft palate
The __is the most inferior portion of the vertebral column.
coccynx
The loss of height that occurs with aging is due to ___ of the intervertebral discs.
compression
The obturator foramen is found in the __.
coxa
Fossa -
depression
The bone that articulates with the acetabulum is the __
femur
The large bone in the thigh is the
femur
The lateral malleolus is part of the
fibula
The frontal bone is known as the
forehead
List the bones of the cranium
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
What is the function of the rib cage? Distinguish among true, false, and floating ribs, and give the number of each type.
function= protects heart and lungs true 1-7 false 8-12 floating 11&12 not attach to sternum
What results from damage to annulus fibrosus and release of nucleus pulposus?
herniated disk
The coxal bone is known as the
hip bone
The greater sciatic notch is found on the posterior side of the
ilium
The largest and most superior coxal bone is the
ilium
The site where spinal nerves exit the vertebral column is the
intervertebral foramen
A person sits on her/his
ischial tuberosity
The skull bone that forms the chin is also the only bone connected to the skull by a freely moveable joint. This bone is the
mandible
A herniated disc occurs when there is protrusion of the
nucleus pulposus.
The point of the elbow is the __`
olecranon process.
Describe the structures and functions of the intervertebral disks.
page 222
Judd has a fractured coxal bone, which means he has a broken
pelvis
Process -
prominent projection
Another name for the shoulder blade is the __
scapula
The glenoid cavity is where the humerus articulates with the
scapula
Name the bones that make up the pectoral girdle
scapula, clavicle
Alexander has been diagnosed with a pituitary tumor, which means the tumor is in the
sella turcica
The common name of the tibia is the
shinbone
Tubercle - small, rounded projection Process - prominent projection
small, rounded projection
Sinuses-
some skull bones contain mucous membrane-lined air spaces
What condition is the failure of vertebral laminae to fuse?
spina bifida
The posterior, inferior projection from vertebrae is the___ process
spinous
The junction of two pubic bones is the
symphysis pubis.
Describe the differences between a male and a female pelvis
table 7.12
The coccyx is also called the
tail bone
Sutures -
the cranial bones are connected by immovable joints called
Carpal tunnel syndrome -
the edema or connective tissue may apply pressure against the nerve and vessels passing through the tunnel, is characterized by tingling, burning, and numbness in the hand
ntervertebral disks --
the fibrocartilage located between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae
Foramen - Intervertebral disks -- the fibrocartilage located between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae Herniated disk - ruptured disk, results when the annulus fibrosus breaks or balloons, releasing all or part of the nucleus pulposus. The herniated part of the disk may push against and compress the spinal cord, cauda equina, or spinal nerves. Carpal tunnel syndrome - the edema or connective tissue may apply pressure against the nerve and vessels passing through the tunnel, is characterized by tingling, burning, and numbness in the hand
the opening through which a nerve or blood vessel passed
The ribs articulate with the _____ vertebrae
thoracic
Herniated disk - r
uptured disk, results when the annulus fibrosus breaks or balloons, releasing all or part of the nucleus pulposus. The herniated part of the disk may push against and compress the spinal cord, cauda equina, or spinal nerves.
The opening in vertebrae for the spinal cord is the
vertebral foramen.