Chapter 7

Name and give the number of vertebrae in each of the five regions of the vertebral column.

7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 1 sacral bone, and 1 coccygeal bone

The first cervical vertebrae is the __

Atlas

6. Marilyn has been diagnosed with a fractured dens or odontoid process. Which specific bone is affected?

C2

The collar bone is the .

Calvicle

The _____ region of the vertebral column is located in the neck.

Cervical

Name the four major sutures of the skull and the bones they connect

Coronal (the frontal bone and the parietal bone), sagittal (the two parietal bones), lambdoid (parietal and occipital bone), squamous (the temporal bones)

Ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum are called _____ ribs

False

What structure allows the brainstem to connect to the spinal cord?

Foramen magnum

What are the parts and general functions of the axial skeleton

Forms the central axis of the body, consists of the bones of the skull, the auditory ossicles, the hyoid bone, the vertebral column, and the thoracic cage. protects the brain, the spinal cord, and the vital organs housed within the thorax.

The appendicular skeleton consist of the limbs and their

Girldes

A dislocated shoulder involves separation of the __________ from the scapula

Humerus

Eighty-year old Mrs. Smith has a bent-over stance with a noticeable hump back. Along with osteoporosis, Mrs. Smith also is afflicted with which condition?

Kyphosis

Describe four shape bones

Long, Short, Flat, Irregular Bones

What are the parts of the sternum

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process. The superior margin of the manubrium has a jugular (suprasternal) notch in the midline. The point at which the manubrium joins the body of the sternum can be felt as a prominence on the anterior thorax called the sternal angle

A person who gets hit on the back of the head might suffer injury to which of the bones ?

Occipital

What are the functions of the vertebral column?

Supports the weight of the head and trunk; protects the spinal cord; allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord; provides a site for muscle attachment; permits movement of the head and trunk

Where is the hyoid bone located? why is it a unique bone? What are its functions?

The hyoid bone is embedded in soft tissue in the neck just below the mandible. The hyoid bone has the unique distinction of being the only bone in the body not directly attached to another bone. It has no direct bony attachment to the skull. The hyoid bone is important for speech and swallowing.

What bones form the pelvic girdle

The two hip bones (coxal bones) and the sacrum

What are the functions of sinuses? Give the locations of the paranasal sinuses.

They decrease the weight of the skull; they act as a resonating chamber when speaking. Frontal sinus, ethmoidal labyrinth sinuses, sphenoidal sinus, maxillary sinus

Spina bifida -

a condition that affects the spine and is usually apparent at birth. It is a type of neural tube defect. Can happen anywhere along the spine if the neural tube does not close all the way.

Kyphosis -

an exaggeration of the concave curve of the thoracic region

Lordosis -

an exaggeration of the convex curve of the lumbar region

The pelvic girdle and lower limb are part of the

appendicular skeleton.

The vertebral column is part of the __ skeleton

axial

The hyoid bone is part of the

axial skeleton

List the two anatomical portions of the skeletal system

axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton

The common name for the sternum is the

breast bone

The heel of the foot is formed by the

calcaneus

The acromion process has an articulation with the

calvicle

Failure of the palatine processes of the maxilla to fuse properly during development results in a

cleft palate

The __is the most inferior portion of the vertebral column.

coccynx

The loss of height that occurs with aging is due to ___ of the intervertebral discs.

compression

The obturator foramen is found in the __.

coxa

Fossa -

depression

The bone that articulates with the acetabulum is the __

femur

The large bone in the thigh is the

femur

The lateral malleolus is part of the

fibula

The frontal bone is known as the

forehead

List the bones of the cranium

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

What is the function of the rib cage? Distinguish among true, false, and floating ribs, and give the number of each type.

function= protects heart and lungs true 1-7 false 8-12 floating 11&12 not attach to sternum

What results from damage to annulus fibrosus and release of nucleus pulposus?

herniated disk

The coxal bone is known as the

hip bone

The greater sciatic notch is found on the posterior side of the

ilium

The largest and most superior coxal bone is the

ilium

The site where spinal nerves exit the vertebral column is the

intervertebral foramen

A person sits on her/his

ischial tuberosity

The skull bone that forms the chin is also the only bone connected to the skull by a freely moveable joint. This bone is the

mandible

A herniated disc occurs when there is protrusion of the

nucleus pulposus.

The point of the elbow is the __`

olecranon process.

Describe the structures and functions of the intervertebral disks.

page 222

Judd has a fractured coxal bone, which means he has a broken

pelvis

Process -

prominent projection

Another name for the shoulder blade is the __

scapula

The glenoid cavity is where the humerus articulates with the

scapula

Name the bones that make up the pectoral girdle

scapula, clavicle

Alexander has been diagnosed with a pituitary tumor, which means the tumor is in the

sella turcica

The common name of the tibia is the

shinbone

Tubercle - small, rounded projection Process - prominent projection

small, rounded projection

Sinuses-

some skull bones contain mucous membrane-lined air spaces

What condition is the failure of vertebral laminae to fuse?

spina bifida

The posterior, inferior projection from vertebrae is the___ process

spinous

The junction of two pubic bones is the

symphysis pubis.

Describe the differences between a male and a female pelvis

table 7.12

The coccyx is also called the

tail bone

Sutures -

the cranial bones are connected by immovable joints called

Carpal tunnel syndrome -

the edema or connective tissue may apply pressure against the nerve and vessels passing through the tunnel, is characterized by tingling, burning, and numbness in the hand

ntervertebral disks --

the fibrocartilage located between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae

Foramen - Intervertebral disks -- the fibrocartilage located between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae Herniated disk - ruptured disk, results when the annulus fibrosus breaks or balloons, releasing all or part of the nucleus pulposus. The herniated part of the disk may push against and compress the spinal cord, cauda equina, or spinal nerves. Carpal tunnel syndrome - the edema or connective tissue may apply pressure against the nerve and vessels passing through the tunnel, is characterized by tingling, burning, and numbness in the hand

the opening through which a nerve or blood vessel passed

The ribs articulate with the _____ vertebrae

thoracic

Herniated disk - r

uptured disk, results when the annulus fibrosus breaks or balloons, releasing all or part of the nucleus pulposus. The herniated part of the disk may push against and compress the spinal cord, cauda equina, or spinal nerves.

The opening in vertebrae for the spinal cord is the

vertebral foramen.