Chapter 7 American Government

The territory of Wyoming granted women the right to vote in 1869 and ______ followed as the first state to enfranchise women

Colorado

Women were granted universal suffrage in

1920

The amendment granting women's suffrage is the

19th Amendment

The amendment lowering the voting age to 18 is the

26th Amendment

The typical procedure for an initiative requires petitions to feature the signatures of ________ of the number of registered voters in a state

5 to 10 percent

Which country was the first to provide for the general election of representatives through mass suffrage?

United States

One criterion that must be met for a country to be democratic is that it must

have more than one political party

When a citizen contributes money to a candidate's campaign, he or she is engaging in

influencing behavior

Typically, a referenda is placed on the ballot by

legislators

Psychological explanations of the turnout suggest that voting will rise if

more Americans believe that government is responsive

Researchers have found that political apathy is ______ in the United States compared to almost all other nations.

much lower

In Smith v. Allwright, the Supreme Court found _________ is(are) unconstitutional.

preventing blacks from voting in primary elections

Which of the qualifications for voting was virtually eliminated in all states by the 1850s?

property ownership

When a leader assembles crowds to confront businesses and local governments to demand a hearing, he or she is engaging in

direct action

A legal action brought by a person or group on behalf of a number of people in similar circumstances is also known as a(n)

class action suit

Relatively routine behaviors that use the established institutions of representative government such as voting in an election are called _____ participation

conventional

The standard socioeconomic model of participation chiefly refers to

education, income, and occupation

Compared with other nations in the world in granting suffrage to women, the United States

was among the first

The text defines suffrage and franchise as the right to

vote

The percentage of eligible voters who actually vote in a given election is called

voter turnout

The _______ Amendment to the Constitution prohibits states from denying the right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."

15th

Around the world, the percentage of countries holding regular, free, and fair elections has risen to _____ percent

63

Which of the following wars was the first known act of unconventional participants in America?

Boston Tea Party

In 2014, voters approved a number of ballot propositions, including ones in Alaska, Oregon, and Washington that

Legalized recreational marijuana

citizen mobilization to stop construction of a nuclear waste facility near their homes would be an example of the ___ phenomenon.

NIMBY

The text defines _______ as the actions of private citizens by which they seek to influence or support government and politics

Political participation

Since they were not happy with voting for candidates selected by party leaders, _______ championed the direct primary.

Progressives

By law, the U.S. presidential election occurs

The first Tuesday after the first Monday in November

According to psychological explanations, voter turnout in the United States is not likely to increase until

The government does something to restore people's faith in the effectiveness of voting

Women compared to men, and blacks compared to whites, tend to have political participation rates today that are

about the same

In general today, women politically participate

at about the same rate as men.

The literacy tests that were used in the southern states after 1870 worked primarily against

blacks

An example of a citizen using "contacting behavior" is

calling the country animal control office to remove a raccoon from a window well

A practical test of whether or not a government is democratic is whether

citizens can affect its politics by acting through its institutions

Of all the social and economic variables affecting political participation, __________ is the strongest single factor.

education

A 2013 supreme court decision regarding the Voting Rights Act allowed numerous states to

enforce new voter identification laws

Political scientists know less about the unconventional forms of political participations because

it is easier to collect data on conventional practices

Characteristics frequently associated with nonvoters are

low education, low income, and being relatively young

According to the text, Americans were ______ politically apathetic in 2012 compared to 1952.

neither more or less

Compared with citizens in other democracies, Americans are

not noticeably apathetic

According to the text, if the criterion is _________, America has the best and most democratic government in the world

number of elections held

The ability of groups to make government respond to their special problems is best related to ________ theory

pluralist

A direct primary is a

preliminary election to choose party candidates

The _______ was backed by the Progressives as they wanted a mechanism to remove elected officials from office

recall

The effect of the 26th amendment, which enfranchised 18-20 year olds, was to

reduce the national voter turnout rate

According to the text, violent unconventional political participation is

sometimes not worth the risk

The 1955 Montgomery bus boycott is an example of a(n)

successful unconventional political participation

Serving as an election judge is a nonpartisan election or organizing a holiday parade are examples of

supportive behavior

Although terrorism is an unconventional political action, it is generally not counted as unconventional political participation because

terrorists do not seek to influence government but to destroy it

The march from Selma demonstrated to the nation the seriousness of

the civil rights problem

The framers of the Constitution left the issue of voter enfranchisement to

the states

One recent criticism of referenda and initiatives is that

they create an expensive "industry" designed around circulating petitions and spending millions