chapter 7 biology smartbook
Select the molecules that are recycled during cellular respiration, including all of the enzymes used and the coenzymes.
- NAD+ - FAD - CoA.
The energy harvested in the later steps of glycolysis is in which two forms?
- NADH - ATP
Select all of the true statements regarding mitochondria.
- They have matrix. - They have a double membrane.
Aerobic is a term that could be used to describe two of the following options:
- cellular respiration - oxygen requiring
Aerobic is a term that could be used to describe two of the following option. Select those two.
- oxygen requiring - cellular respiration
Place the initial steps for the citric acid cycle in order
1. CoA carries acetyl 2. acetyl joins into a C4 molecule 3. citrate is produced
The two parts of cellular respiration which must occur twice for each glucose molecule that enters the process are
1. Preparatory 2. Citric Acid Cycle
Why does FADH2 produce fewer ATP than NADH?
FADH2donates its electrons lower in the electron transport chain therefore pumping fewer H+
ATP synthase is able to produce ATP when _______ move through the complex.
H+
Match the organism to the product it produces during fermentation: YEAST
alcohol
The series of molecules arranged in the cristae of a mitochondrion, which serve to harvest energy from electrons, is known as
an electron transport chain.
Match the organism to the product it produces during fermentation: BACTERIA
an organic acid or alcohol
During a typical basketball game, a player undergoes periods of intense activity, switching between methods of respiration. The muscles rely largely upon ____________ metabolism when oxygen is depleted and on ___________metabolism once oxygen is restored.
anaerobic; aerobic
The electrons picked up by NAD+ during glycolysis
are passed across the mitochondrial membrane
The 2 carbon acetyl group carried by CoA joins with a C4 molecule to form citrate
at the start of the citric acid cycle.
The organisms that can produce either alcohol or lactate are
bacteria
Select the option that is a product of cellular respiration.
carbon dioxide
When pyruvate is converted into a two carbon acetyl group during the preparatory reaction, ___________ __________ is given off.
carbon dioxide
Which type of ATP production is fueled by the movement of hydrogen ions down an electrochemical gradient, like that which occurs in the mitochondria?
chemiomotic
Match the stage of cellular respiration with the total number of ATP it produces: 2
citric acid cycle
Which of the following is the third stage in cellular respiration?
citric acid cycle
Which stages of cellular respiration produce carbon dioxide?
citric acid cycle preparatory reaction
The electron carriers in the electron transport chain include a class of proteins called
cytochromes
Which of the following electron carriers is required for glycolysis to occur?
NAD+.
Each ______ is used to produce 3 ATP and each ______ is used to produce 2 ATP.
NADH; FADH2
ATP produced by chemiosmosis most directly uses the energy of
a H+ gradient to drive the process
The electron transport chain is best described as
a series of carriers that pass electrons from one molecule to another.
During the later steps of glycolysis the cell obtains
a total of four ATP, and a net gain of 2 ATP.
anaerobic
does not utilize oxygen
In the electron transport chain, the electron carriers
donate electrons to the protein chain
Match the stage of cellular respiration with the total number of ATP it produces: 32
electron transport chain
Cytochrome molecules function in the ______ and are a class of proteins that contain ____.
electron transport chain; iron
True or false: Electrons from the coenzymes are pumped by components of the electron transport chain into the space between the mitochondrial membranes.
false
True or false: The process of cellular respiration is concerned with the production of ADP.
false
Because they require high levels of ATP production during heavy exercise, muscle cells are more likely than other cell types to use
fermentation
The anaerobic breakdown of glucose is called
fermentation
The process that allows organisms to harvest energy from glucose in the absence of oxygen is
fermentation.
As electrons are passed down the electron transport chain they
give off energy that is captured to create a H+ gradient.
The two components that fats are broken down into are
glycerol and fatty acids.
Match the stage of cellular respiration with the total number of ATP it produces: 4
glycolysis
The first step of cellular respiration takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and is called
glycolysis
The breakdown of glucose into two pyruvate molecules is called
glycolysis.
True or false: Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration.
true
True or false: During cellular respiration, about 60% of the energy from the glucose molecule dissipates as heat.
true
The energy investment steps of glycolysis use
two ATP to activate the glucose.
Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell causing a molecule of glucose to be broken down into __________.
two molecules of pyruvate
Select the product(s) of glycolysis.
two pyruvate. two ATP (net).
aerobic
utilize oxygen
Place the four stages of cellular respiration in the order in which they typically occur, with the first stage at the top.
1. glycolysis 2. preparatory reaction 3. citric acid cycle 4. electron transport chain
Place the four stages of cellular respiration in the order that a molecule of glucose would move through.
1. glycolysis 2. preparatory steps 3. citric acid cycle 4. electron transport chain and chemiomosis
How many NADH are produced per glucose during the preparatory reaction?
2
Before entering the citric acid cycle fatty acids are converted to
2-carbon acetyl CoA.
About ______ of the energy available is transfered from glucose to ATP during cellular respiration.
40%.
The complex in the cristae that makes ATP using the energy of the H+ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane is
ATP synthase
The production of heat is decreased by coupling the breakdown of glucose to
ATP synthesis
How many ATP are required to shuttle the electrons from NADH across the mitochondrial membrane?
One ATP per NADH
Oxygen is required for cellular respiration because it
is the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain.
Match the organism to the product it produces during fermentation: HUMANS
lactic acid
In humans, fermentation is most likely to occur in the ___________cells.
muscle
The final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain is _______.
oxygen
The coenzyme NAD+ is __________, since it receives two electrons, as the substrate glucose is oxidized during cellular respiration.
reduced
As electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, the molecules are first ______ as they pick up electrons, and then ______ as they release the electrons.
reduced; oxidized
The fate of NADH and FADH2, once they have delivered electrons and H+ to the electron transport, is to be
regenerated as NAD+ and FAD and used again as electron carriers
By coupling the release of energy from the breakdown of glucose to the synthesis of ATP,
the amount of energy lost as heat is reduced.
When comparing the yield of ATP from the different stages of cellular respiration, which produces the greatest number of ATP?
the electron transport chain
With regards to the mitochondrion, the matrix is
the innermost compartment, which is filled with a gel-like fluid.
During cellular respiration, the first CO2 is generated during _______ and the remaining carbons are given off as CO2 during _____.
the preparatory steps; the citric acid cycle