chapter 7: blood
clotting factors
1. platelets release prothrombin activator (PA) 2. PA converts prothrombin into thrombin 3. thrombin converts the soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin
3 general functions of blood
1. transportation of nutrients, waste and hormones. 2. regulation of body temperature, water volume and pH 3. defend against bleeding and infection
life span of red blood cells
120 days in humans
what is the maximal number of oxygen molecules that one hemoglobin molecule can bind?
4
A person is in a car accident and is bleeding. Their wallet has a blood donor card indicating their blood type is A-. What blood types can they receive?
A- and O
Which of the following is not a characteristic of red blood cells (RBCs)?
Able to leave the circulatory system in order to provide cells with oxygen
Why does leukemia lead to bleeding disorders?
The cancerous cells take over bone marrow and prevent production of normal red blood cell components.
eosinophils (WBC)
allergic reactions, parasites
antibody binds to antigen
antibodies ignore the self surface proteins but bind to the antigen of the foreign cell, forming an antigen-antibody complex
what is the function of eosinophils?
attack parasitic worms
Pernicious anemia is caused by lack of _________
b12
blood poisoning
bacterial infection of the blood also known as septicemia requires antibiotic treatment
A person went to the doctor complaining of chills and fever. The doctor observes red streaks on their arms. A puncture wound was nearby. The patient said they previously had an accident where they worked. What is wrong with this patient?
blood poisoning
what nutrient promotes clotting?
calcium
What is the function of perflurocarbons (PFCs)
carries oxygen
pernicious-anemia
caused by B12 deficiency
hemorrhagic-anemia
caused by blood loss
iron deficiency-anemia
caused by inadequate intake or malabsorption of dietary iron
hemolytic-anemia
caused by the destruction of red blood cells due to renal failure and results from inadequate erythropoietin secretion
leukemia
characterized by proliferation of white blood cells
hormones (plasma)
chemical messengers molecules that provide information needed to regulate specific body functions
antigen-antibody complexes clump together
clumping effectively inactivates the foreign cells
electrolytes(ions) (plasma)
contribute to the control of cell function and volume, to the electrical charge across cells, and to the function of excitable cells
white blood cells (formed elements)
defend the body against invading organisms, abnormal cells
monocytes (WBC)
especially active during chronic injection
neutrophils (WBC)
first responders in infection with phagocytosis
mononucleosis (mono)
flu like symptoms caused by highly-contagious Epstein-Barr virus infection of lymphocytes
coagulation
formation of a blood clot, when platelets help form the clot
two standard blood test
hematrocit hemoglobin
lymphocytes (WBC)
immune system response
cause of anemia
inadequate number of red blood cells or inadequate hemoglobin
vascular spasm
intense contraction of blood vessel
multiple myeloma
involves the proliferation of frequently incomplete plasma cells in the bone marrow, impairing production of other antibodies, leaving body vulnerable to infection.
which of the following is not true about hemophilia?
it is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus
which organ secretes erythropoietin (EPO)?
kidneys
what is the stimulus for red blood production
low concentration of oxygen
Agranular (white blood cells)
lymphocytes and monocytes
albumins-protein (plasma)
maintain blood volume and transport electrolytes, hormones and waste
hemoglobin
measures the amount of Hb in the blood
granular (white blood cells)
neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
which of the following is not true about infectious mono?
not easily transmittable
A person has type B- blood. What antibodies will be present in their blood stream that could bind to their red blood cells? The person was exposed to Rh positive blood 5 years ago.
only anti-A antibodies and anti-Rh antibodies
non-self-surface protein
our IS identifies the proteins as being foreign and not belonging to us. may be on a cell from another individual or from an invading organism.
self-surface protein
our IS identifies the proteins as belonging to us
Blood is a mixture. Please identify the choice that is not a formed element.
plasma
basophils (WBC)
play a role in severe allergic reactions and inflammation
water (plasma)
primary constituent in plasma
Erythropoietin's (EPO) main function is to ______
promote the formation of red blood cells
Please put the steps of blood clot formation in the correct order.
prothrombin activator, prothrombin forms thrombin, thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin, and fibrin forms a blood clot
anemia
reduction in blood's oxygen-carrying capacity
platelet plug formation
sealing of the ruptured bv when platelets stick together
two types of surface protein
self non-self
globulins-protein (plasma)
serve as antibodies and transport substances
antigen
special non-self surface protein that stimulates the IS of an organism to defend the organism
blood composition...
specialized cells and cell fragments watery solution of ions, molecules
what is not a function of blood?
stores calcium
platelets (formed elements)
take part in blood clotting as part of the body's defense mechanism
What must be true for a baby to suffer from hemolytic disease of the newborn?
the mother must be Rh-, the father must be Rh+ and the baby must be Rh+
a complete blood cell count (CBC) is performed on a sample of blood. All numbers are fine except for an elevated basophil count. What could possibly be wrong with the patient?
the patient is experiencing inflammation
hematrocit
the percentage of whole blood that consist of red blood cells
antibody
they mount an attack on antigens they recognize as non-self
function of red blood cells
transport oxygen
red blood cells (formed elements)
transport oxygen to body tissues; transport carbon dioxide away from tissues
blood cancer
uncontrolled production of abnormal blood cells