chapter 7: blood

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clotting factors

1. platelets release prothrombin activator (PA) 2. PA converts prothrombin into thrombin 3. thrombin converts the soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin

3 general functions of blood

1. transportation of nutrients, waste and hormones. 2. regulation of body temperature, water volume and pH 3. defend against bleeding and infection

life span of red blood cells

120 days in humans

what is the maximal number of oxygen molecules that one hemoglobin molecule can bind?

4

A person is in a car accident and is bleeding. Their wallet has a blood donor card indicating their blood type is A-. What blood types can they receive?

A- and O

Which of the following is not a characteristic of red blood cells (RBCs)?

Able to leave the circulatory system in order to provide cells with oxygen

Why does leukemia lead to bleeding disorders?

The cancerous cells take over bone marrow and prevent production of normal red blood cell components.

eosinophils (WBC)

allergic reactions, parasites

antibody binds to antigen

antibodies ignore the self surface proteins but bind to the antigen of the foreign cell, forming an antigen-antibody complex

what is the function of eosinophils?

attack parasitic worms

Pernicious anemia is caused by lack of _________

b12

blood poisoning

bacterial infection of the blood also known as septicemia requires antibiotic treatment

A person went to the doctor complaining of chills and fever. The doctor observes red streaks on their arms. A puncture wound was nearby. The patient said they previously had an accident where they worked. What is wrong with this patient?

blood poisoning

what nutrient promotes clotting?

calcium

What is the function of perflurocarbons (PFCs)

carries oxygen

pernicious-anemia

caused by B12 deficiency

hemorrhagic-anemia

caused by blood loss

iron deficiency-anemia

caused by inadequate intake or malabsorption of dietary iron

hemolytic-anemia

caused by the destruction of red blood cells due to renal failure and results from inadequate erythropoietin secretion

leukemia

characterized by proliferation of white blood cells

hormones (plasma)

chemical messengers molecules that provide information needed to regulate specific body functions

antigen-antibody complexes clump together

clumping effectively inactivates the foreign cells

electrolytes(ions) (plasma)

contribute to the control of cell function and volume, to the electrical charge across cells, and to the function of excitable cells

white blood cells (formed elements)

defend the body against invading organisms, abnormal cells

monocytes (WBC)

especially active during chronic injection

neutrophils (WBC)

first responders in infection with phagocytosis

mononucleosis (mono)

flu like symptoms caused by highly-contagious Epstein-Barr virus infection of lymphocytes

coagulation

formation of a blood clot, when platelets help form the clot

two standard blood test

hematrocit hemoglobin

lymphocytes (WBC)

immune system response

cause of anemia

inadequate number of red blood cells or inadequate hemoglobin

vascular spasm

intense contraction of blood vessel

multiple myeloma

involves the proliferation of frequently incomplete plasma cells in the bone marrow, impairing production of other antibodies, leaving body vulnerable to infection.

which of the following is not true about hemophilia?

it is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus

which organ secretes erythropoietin (EPO)?

kidneys

what is the stimulus for red blood production

low concentration of oxygen

Agranular (white blood cells)

lymphocytes and monocytes

albumins-protein (plasma)

maintain blood volume and transport electrolytes, hormones and waste

hemoglobin

measures the amount of Hb in the blood

granular (white blood cells)

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

which of the following is not true about infectious mono?

not easily transmittable

A person has type B- blood. What antibodies will be present in their blood stream that could bind to their red blood cells? The person was exposed to Rh positive blood 5 years ago.

only anti-A antibodies and anti-Rh antibodies

non-self-surface protein

our IS identifies the proteins as being foreign and not belonging to us. may be on a cell from another individual or from an invading organism.

self-surface protein

our IS identifies the proteins as belonging to us

Blood is a mixture. Please identify the choice that is not a formed element.

plasma

basophils (WBC)

play a role in severe allergic reactions and inflammation

water (plasma)

primary constituent in plasma

Erythropoietin's (EPO) main function is to ______

promote the formation of red blood cells

Please put the steps of blood clot formation in the correct order.

prothrombin activator, prothrombin forms thrombin, thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin, and fibrin forms a blood clot

anemia

reduction in blood's oxygen-carrying capacity

platelet plug formation

sealing of the ruptured bv when platelets stick together

two types of surface protein

self non-self

globulins-protein (plasma)

serve as antibodies and transport substances

antigen

special non-self surface protein that stimulates the IS of an organism to defend the organism

blood composition...

specialized cells and cell fragments watery solution of ions, molecules

what is not a function of blood?

stores calcium

platelets (formed elements)

take part in blood clotting as part of the body's defense mechanism

What must be true for a baby to suffer from hemolytic disease of the newborn?

the mother must be Rh-, the father must be Rh+ and the baby must be Rh+

a complete blood cell count (CBC) is performed on a sample of blood. All numbers are fine except for an elevated basophil count. What could possibly be wrong with the patient?

the patient is experiencing inflammation

hematrocit

the percentage of whole blood that consist of red blood cells

antibody

they mount an attack on antigens they recognize as non-self

function of red blood cells

transport oxygen

red blood cells (formed elements)

transport oxygen to body tissues; transport carbon dioxide away from tissues

blood cancer

uncontrolled production of abnormal blood cells


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