Chapter 7: Bone Tissue Review

A growing long bone in a child has only two areas of cartilage at the epiphysis. These two areas are the _____.

Articular Cartilage and Epiphyseal Plate

A fracture in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces is called a _____ fracture.

Comminuted

The cortex of the long bone's diaphysis is made of _____.

Compact Bone

Osseous tissue is a(an) _____ tissue.

Connective

Calcium plays an essential role in all of the following except _____.

DNA Synthesis

The thin layer of compact bone that separates an adult's epiphysis from the diaphysis is called the _____.

Epiphyseal Line

Achondroplastic dwarfism is a hereditary condition, in which the long bones of the limbs fail to elongate normally because of reduced hyperplasia and hypertrophy of cartilage in the _____.

Epiphyseal Plate

The expanded head at each end of a long bone is called the _____.

Epiphysis

Osteoporosis is most common in elderly women because of the lack of _____, which would otherwise inhibit _____.

Estrogen; Osteoclast Activity

A radiograph (X-ray) of a child's hand will show epiphyseal lines.

False

Bones grow in diameter by interstitial growth.

False

Closed reduction is the surgical realignment of the parts of a broken bone.

False

Concentric lamellae within an osteon are connected by lacunae.

False

Intramembranous ossification is common in children, whereas endochondral ossification is typical in young adults.

False

Osteogenic cells are bone stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

False

Osteomalacia results in bone brittleness.

False

Example of a positive feedback process happening in bone mineral deposition

First few Crystals to form attract more Calcium and Phosphate

Intramembranous ossification produces the _____.

Flat Bones of the Skull

Patches of fibrocartilage formed in the healing of a fracture are called _Soft Callus_, whereas the bony collar formed around the fracture is called _____.

Hard Callus

What is the correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?

Hematoma Formation - Soft Callus Formation - Hard Callus Formation - Bone Remodeling

In endochondral ossification, the precursor connective tissue is _____, which is replaced by bone.

Hyaline Cartilage

Inorganic components of the bone matrix?

Hydroxyapatite

The hardness of bone comes from _____, whereas _____ provide(s) some degree of flexibility.

Hydroxyapatite and Other Minerals; Proteins

Red bone marrow does not contain _____.

Yellow Bone Marrow

What would you find in the marrow cavity of the diaphysis of an adult humerus (arm bone)?

Yellow Bone Marrow

If a thyroid tumor secreted an excessive amount of calcitonin, we would expect _____.

an Elevated level of Osteoblast Activity

Arteriosclerosis is one example of ectopic ossification, which means _____.

Abnormal Calcification of a Tissue

Phosphate is necessary for all of the following except _____.

Amino Acids

Mature bones are remodeled throughout life via a process known as _____.

Appositional Growth

Synthesized by the combined action of the skin, kidneys, and liver, _____ is important to the deposition of bone.

Calcitriol

Bone elongation is a result of _____.

Cartilage Growth

Chondrocytes multiply in the zone of _____ of the metaphysis.

Cell Proliferation

It is common to find _____ in compact bone, but they are not seen in spongy bone.

Central Canals

The spaces found within the concentric lamellae are called _____, and they contain _____.

Lacunae; Osteocytes

Which of the following is not a function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Lower Blood Calcium

The center cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone is called the _____.

Marrow Cavity

Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of _____.

Mechanical Stress on Bone Remodeling

The _____ is a marginal zone of the epiphyseal plate where, in children and adolescents, bone can be seen replacing the hyaline cartilage.

Metaphysis

Hypocalcemia can cause _____.

Muscle Spasms

Bone protrudes through the skin in a fracture called _____.

Open

Bone-forming cells are called _____.

Osteoblasts

When _____ become enclosed in lacunae, they become cells called _____.

Osteoblasts; Osteocytes

Which one of the bone cells would have the greatest number of lysosomes?

Osteoclasts

The plasma membrane of _____ have a ruffled border with many deep infoldings, whereas _____ have long, thin, fingerlike cytoplasmic processes.

Osteoclasts; Osteocytes

The most common bone disease is _____.

Osteoporosis

Blood Ca2+ deficiency stimulates _____ secretion, which leads to _____.

Parathyroid Hormone; Increased Osteoclast Activity

A break in a bone that is already weakened by some other disease is called a(n) _____ fracture.

Pathologic

A long bone is covered externally with a sheath called the _____, whereas the marrow cavity is lined with the _____.

Periosteum; Endosteum

What does not put women at risk for hypocalcemia?

Removal of the Thyroid Gland

The process of dissolving bone and returning its minerals to the bloodstream is known as _____.

Resorption

The result of blood calcium and phosphate levels being too low for normal deposition is a softness of the bones called _____ in children and _____ in adults.

Rickets; Osteomalacia

Spicules and trabeculae are found in _____.

Spongy Bone

A soft callus forms during _____.

The healing of a Fracture

A vertebra is considered an irregular bone.

True

Hypercalcemia causes depression of the nervous system.

True

Hypercalcemia is rare, but hypocalcemia can result from a wide variety of conditions.

True

Most blood cells are produced in the red marrow of bones.

True

Osteoid tissue is similar to bone except for a lack of minerals.

True

Osteoporosis often leads to an exaggerated thoracic spinal curvature, which is called kyphosis.

True

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) binds to receptors on osteoblasts.

True

The hemopoietin tissue in a bone is otherwise known as myeloid tissue.

True