Chapter 7 Gases, Liquids, and Solids SB (Chem)

Select the statements that correctly describe London dispersion forces.

All covalent compounds exhibit London dispersion forces. London dispersion forces result from the weak interactions between temporary dipoles.

Select all the statements that apply to Charles's law.

Charles's law relates gas volume and temperature in Kelvin. The volume of a gas increases as temperature increases if the gas is kept at constant pressure and fixed amount.

Which of the following processes represent phase changes?

Condensing Boiling Melting Freezing

What type of intermolecular force exists between the permanent dipoles of two polar molecules?

Dipole-dipole interactions

Select all the statements that correctly describe gases and gas mixtures.

Each component of a gas mixture exerts a pressure called its partial pressure. A mixture of gases behaves like a pure gas.

Select all the statements that correctly describe evaporation.

Evaporation is an endothermic process. For a liquid to evaporate, it must absorb heat from the surroundings.

Select the statement that correctly describes Boyle's law.

For a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, pressure and volume of the gas are inversely related.

Select all the statements that correctly describe intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

Hydrogen bonding is important to many biological molecules including DNA. Hydrogen bonding is an intermolecular force existing between two molecules that have hydrogens bonded to an O, N, or F. Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen atom is electrostatically attracted to an oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine atom.

Which statement correctly describes vaporization?

In vaporization, energy is absorbed to overcome the attractive forces of the liquid phase.

Select the statement that best defines intermolecular forces.

Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules.

Select all the statements that correctly describe a gas.

Low density No interactions between particles Random arrangement of particles

Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen is bonded to an electronegative atom. Select all the electronegative atoms that can participate in hydrogen bonding.

Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine

Select the equation that represents the ideal gas law.

PV= nRT

Select the statement that most accurately describes surface tension.

Surface tension is a measure of the resistance of a liquid to spread out.

What variables are important when discussing the behavior of gases?

Temperature Volume Moles Pressure

What is specific heat?

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 oC.

Select the statement that best describes the melting point of a compound.

The melting point is the temperature at which a solid is converted to a liquid.

Which statement best describes Gay-Lussac's law?

The pressure of the gas is proportional to its Kelvin temperature.

Which of the following statements relating to specific heat are correct?

The specific heat for a substance has the same value regardless of the size of the sample. The units of specific heat are cal/g⋅oC or J/g⋅oC.

Which of the following statements correctly reflect Avogadro's law?

When the number of moles of a gas increase, the volume increases. V1/n1 = V2/n2

The strength of the intermolecular forces can affect the physical properties of a substance. Select all physical properties that are affected by intermolecular forces.

boiling point melting point

The _____ gas law incorporates Boyle's, Charles's, and Gay-Lussac's laws in a single equation that relates pressure, volume, and temperature.

combined

Boyle's law can be summarized by the equation P1V1 = P2V2. As the pressure increases, the volume ______.

decreases

Dipole-dipole interactions are the attractive forces between the permanent ________ of polar molecules.

dipoles

London dispersion forces are very weak interactions due to the momentary changes in _______ density in a molecule.

elctron

Melting is an _______ process, requiring an input of energy.

endothermic

True or false: Gas particles move slowly and are highly organized.

false

Pressure is define as _______ exerted per unit ______

force; area

Which of the phase changes listed below are exothermic?

freezing, condensation

Evaporation occurs when a liquid becomes a

gas

The boiling point of a compound is the temperature at which a liquid is converted to the _________ phase.

gas, gaseous, or vapor

According to Gay-Lussac's law, if you increase the temperature of a gas, the pressure would ______ if all other variables remained constant.

increase

Many of the properties of a liquid are determined by the strength of the liquid's _____ ____, including hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces.

intermolecular forces

A gas ______ predicts how a gas will behave when variables like pressure, temperature, and volume are changed.

law

Vaporization involves the conversion of a______ to a ______

liquid; gas

What is the name of the process that converts a solid to a liquid?

melting

Blood pressure is measured using ______ as the unit of pressure.

mm Hg

According to Avogadro's law, if the pressure and temperature are held constant, what is the volume directly proportional to?

moles

Dalton's law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the ________ pressures of its component gases.

partial

Dalton's law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the________ pressures of its component gases.

partial

Select the answer that best completes the statement: Liquids are fluid having a definite volume but no definite ______.

shape

In which state of matter are particles most highly organized?

solid

Identify the three states of matter.

solid, liquid, gas

The ideal gas law relates all the properties of gases into a single equation. Select all the properties that are represented in the ideal gas law.

temperature (t) volume (v) pressure (p)

True or false: Both values in a blood pressure measurement, e.g., 120/70, are measured in units of mm Hg.

true

True or false: When gas particles collide with the walls of a container, pressure is exerted.

true

__________ is a measure of a liquid's resistance to flow.

viscosity

Charles's law states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the ________ of the gas is proportional to its Kelvin temperature.

volume

Charles's law states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the______ of the gas is proportional to its Kelvin temperature.

volume