Chapter 7: Jails, Detention and Short Term Incarceration

Overall, jail population sizes tend to be: a. stable b. small c. variable d. constant.

C) variable

. The average delay between arrest and sentencing is more than six months for inmates. a. True b. False

False

Most jails in the United States have viable rehabilitative programs, and many have professionally trained personnel to deal with the mental health needs of offenders.

False

Most jails in the United States hold fewer than 50 people

False

One in seven jails in the United States currently operates under a court order, typically related to overcrowding. a. True b. False

False

One of the problems for pretrial detainees is their physical appearance when they attend court. a. True b. False

False

Three-quarters of all jails are operated by an elected official known as a Administrator

Sheriff

Jails are the entryway to corrections.

True

Ninety percent of all jail inmates are considered indigent and cannot afford counsel. a. True b. False

True

Roughly 75 percent of those currently housed have already been convicted in a criminal court. a. True b. False

True

The most pressing medical problem in jails is the problem of AIDS and HIV. a. True b. False

True

41. Who is less likely to be released on their recognizance? a. African Americans b. European nationals c. Latinos d. Whites

a. African Americans

A common strategy in dealing with offenders with substance dependency problems is: a. alcohol detoxification within the jail setting. b. placement in a methadone maintenance program. c. a steady program of withdrawal within the jail setting. d. release to an addiction treatment facility.

a. alcohol detoxification within the jail setting.

42. Many, if not most, defendants housed in jails are: a. indigent. b. middle-class. c. elderly. d. female.

a. indigent.

Therapeutic justice is a philosophy of reorienting the jail experience from being mostly punitive to being mostly: a. rehabilitative. b. reintegrative. c. reinforced. d. shaming.

a. rehabilitative.

In the 1800s jails began to change in response to: a. the penitentiary movement. b. the king's wishes. c. capitalism. d. overcrowding.

a. the penitentiary movement.

The United States has just over ________ jails. a. 1,500 b. 2,800 c. 4,200 d. 1,000

b. 2,800

Which statement is NOT an argument made in favor of pretrial diversion? a. Many offenders cannot be effectively dealt with by the formal criminal justice system. b. It is much more humane than traditional criminal justice services. c. It does not promote a long-term "label" on offenders like most criminal justice activities. d. It is much cheaper than criminal justice processing.

b. It is much more humane than traditional criminal justice services.

Which statement is NOT an argument made against the practice of preventive detention? a. It may violate the due process provisions of the Constitution. b. It is typically employed only against property offenders. c. It is impractical and can be potentially nefarious. d. It is difficult to identify those individuals for whom this concept would most aptly apply.

b. It is typically employed only against property offenders.

. The jail rate is highest in the: a. East and South. b. West and South. c. West and North. d. East and North.

b. West and South.

43. One of the most troubling trends in jails is the rate of incarceration for: a. Latinos. b. blacks. c. blacks d. children

b. blacks.

Almost 60 percent of America's jails _______ prisoners for at least some of the medical care they receive. a. punish b. charge c. turn away d. reprimand

b. charge

Violence, rape, and health problems are direct and immediate consequences of: a. an increase of youthful male offenders. b. overcrowding. c. lax correctional

b. overcrowding.

At least _____ people are detained in a jail at some time during the year. a. 2 to 3 million b. 4 to 6 million c. 4 to 6 million d. 10 million

c. 4 to 6 million

. A system where jail operations are funded by a set amount paid for each prisoner held per day is: a. a welfare system. b. a fixed rate system. c. a fee system. d. a provider system.

c. a fee system.

More than half of all jail occupants are: a. female. b. violent offenders. c. awaiting trial. d. not guilty.39.

c. awaiting trial.

Local correctional workers are: a. overeducated. b. paid above average for the criminal justice system. c. poorly trained. d. mostly doing clerical work

c. poorly trained.

According to your authors, which of the following does NOT describe local jail officers and staff employed in the United States today? a. worst paid b. poorly trained c. prior criminal history d. least educated

c. prior criminal history

According to the text, the central purpose of the early jail was: a. warehousing the surplus population of immigrants. b. detention of those sentenced by the court. c. to make sure those accused of a crime would show up for their trials. d. to inflict short-

c. to make sure those accused of a crime would show up for their trials.

Which of the following pressures are not experienced by the local jail? a. The direction of the jail is influenced by local law enforcement officials. b. Local politics, in particular party patronage, influences the operation of the jail. c. Local offender assistance programs are usually operated by community self-help volunteers. d. All of these are experienced by local jails.

d. All of these are experienced by local jails.

. ________ are direct descendants of 12th-century English feudal practices. a. Prisons b. Bail processes c. Probation d. Jails

d. Jails

According to the authors, which of the following is of particular importance for today's jail administrators? a. quality of prisoner nutrition b. quality of recreational programs for offenders c. legal liability d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of America's current jail population? a. employed b. poor c. young d. black

d. black

. According to your text, jail suicides are primarily caused by: a. the limited personal space provided in jail facilities. b. the crisis nature of arrest and detention. c. emotional instability, which is exacerbated by the jail experience. d. both the crisis nature of arrest and detention and emotional instability.

d. both the crisis nature of arrest and detention and emotional instability.

Jails are the ________ the formal correctional system. a. the most valued part of b. exitway from c. least expensive part of d. entry point into

d. entry point into

The ________________ model refers to an innovative jail model that promotes a sense of community among staff and inmates alike and centers upon rehabilitation. a. restorative b. community c. therapeutic d. reintegrative

d. reintegrative

40. Recently, there has been a major emphasis on programs to _____ offenders awaiting trial. a. treat b. convict c. sentence d. release

d. release

By far the most successful pretrial release program is: a. unsecured bail. b. percentage bail. c. forfeit bail. d. release on recognizance (ROR).

d. release on recognizance (ROR).

Jails are administered by: a. their state's governor. b. the federal government. c. locally elected officials. d. the Department of Justice.

d. the Department of Justice.

Nearly _______________ of all jail inmates have a history of mental problems. a. one-half b. one-quarter c. one-fifth d. two-thirds

d. two-thirds

. At present, most U.S. jails are in good financial and physical shape; in fact, many offer better treatment and programs than most U.S. prisons. a. True b. False

f

. By far the most successful alternative approach to bail is being released on one's own recognizance. a. True b. False

f

. Most judges attempt to set high bail amounts for defendants to ensure they stay locked up until trial, regardless of their offense. a. True b. False

f

Out of all of the major components of corrections, jails and the issues surrounding their function and operation tend to be the most widely studied by academics. a. True b. False

f

. According to your authors, for those who do jail time, the process is the punishment. a. True b. False

t

. The constant threat of civil litigation has forced jail administrators to develop and implement basic humane practices for managing offenders. a. True b. False

t

Pretrial detainees comprise a large percentage of the U.S. jail population. a. True b. False

t

To avoid the problems that result from using bail, some jurisdictions have increased their use of citations. a. True b. False

t