Chapter 7 Life Span Development

39. When communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that:

C. age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears

22. Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an:

C. increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain.

27. Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs?

C. increased weight

34. In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air:

C. increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of stagnant air that remains in the alveoli.

19. Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct?

A. Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age

24. Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct?

A. Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer

37. Which of the following statements regarding age-related changes in the nervous system is correct?

A. Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons.

17. Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group?

A. Secondary sexual development begins.

32. Breathing is often more labor intensive in older adults because the:

A. elasticity of the lungs decreases.

29. You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that:

A. his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output

10. Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant?

A. places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up

13. An infant or small toddler would MOST likely gain trust in an individual who:

A. provides an organized, routine environment

3. You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that:

A. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.

30. With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because:

A. the blood vessels become stiff.

4. Infants are often referred to as "belly breathers" because:

A. their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally.

12. At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children?

B. 10 to 18 months

20. The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:

B. 19 and 25 years.

23. The average pulse rate of individuals between 19 and 60 years of age is typically:

B. 70 beats/min.

15. The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately:

B. 70 to 120 beats/min

1. Which of the following statements regarding an infant's vital signs is correct?

B. An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's.

5. Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults?

B. An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's.

7. Which of the following describes the Moro reflex?

B. The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled

36. Age-related changes in the renal system result in:

B. a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed.

31. When assessing an 80-year-old patient in shock, it is important to remember that:

B. age-related changes in the cardiovascular system may make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion.

35. Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age?

B. decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production

18. A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:

B. inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.

9. You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she:

B. responds to her name but is fearful of your presence.

25. Why do middle adults commonly experience financial concerns?

C. They are preparing for retirement but must still manage everyday financial demands.

16. In preconventional reasoning, children:

C. act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want.

11. In contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child

C. shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection

6. An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:

C. the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.

26. At present, the average life expectancy is ________ years, while the maximum life expectancy is estimated at ________ years.

D. 78, 120

8. The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of

D. 9 and 18 months

21. The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is:

D. 90 mm Hg.

14. Which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct?

D. Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of a loss of passive immunity

28. The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to:

D. atherosclerosis.

2. An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because:

D. blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.

33. Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

D. increased surface area available for air exchange.

40. According to the terminal drop hypothesis

D. mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death

38. The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to

D. shrinkage of the brain.