Chapter 7- Memory

As a general rule, our short-term memory span is roughly equal to the amount of material we can internally rehearse in about ________. A 2.5 seconds B Half a second C 5 seconds D 25 seconds

A 2.5 seconds

The term "memory" is best described as which of the following? A An adaptive system that helps us use the past to meet the demands of the present. B Like a library; it stores all of our past experiences for us to "revisit" by opening a book. C Only referring to episodic memory; semantic and procedural memory systems are not really memory. D Like a video recorder; it records our life's events for us to replay in our heads.

A An adaptive system that helps us use the past to meet the demands of the present.

Which of these is an example of a schema? A Knowing the order of events at a restaurant: Walk in, be seated, order, eat, pay, leave. B Knowing that your friend Tracey likes the color red. C Knowing that Moscow is the capital of Russia. D Knowing the best way to throw a football.

A Knowing the order of events at a restaurant: Walk in, be seated, order, eat, pay, leave.

Of the following, who is most likely to experience the sin of persistence? A A person who is attending a cookout with fireworks B A person who survived a recent violent car crash C A person who is reading a book about PTSD D A person who survived the first year of college

B A person who survived a recent violent car crash

When information in short-term memory is continually rehearsed, which of the following is true? A It still only lasts approximately 1/2 second B It can theoretically last indefinitely C It can last for up to 2.5 seconds D It can last for up to 5 minutes

B It can theoretically last indefinitely

Based on what you know of elaborative rehearsal, which of the following would be the most important element of encoding for enhancing learning? A Intentionally trying to learn the to-be-learned information B Thinking about the to-be-learned information meaningfully C Studying the to-be-learned information for a long period of time D Thinking about the to-be-learned information's surface characteristics

B Thinking about the to-be-learned information meaningfully

Order these memory terms from first to last to illustrate the general timeline of memory. Drag and drop to order A Retrieval B Storage C Encoding

B,C,A

An effective strategy for improving one's immediate memory capacity is to group information into meaningful patterns. What is the technical name for this strategy? A Reorganizing B Grouping C Chunking D Systematizing

C Chunking

Sperling's partial report technique provides evidence for _________. A Echoic memory B Procedural memory C Iconic memory D Immediate memory E Semantic memory

C Iconic memory

What portion of Baddeley's working memory model is responsible for verbal information? A Central executive B Visuospatial sketchpad C Phonological loop D Iconic memory

C Phonological loop

Which of the following is an example of "adaptive memory"? A The use of the peg-word method B That retrieval practice is more useful than rereading C That living things tend to be more memorable than non-living things D The use of distinctiveness during encoding

C That living things tend to be more memorable than non-living things

Some memory researchers say that a phenomenon exists called the "myth of total time". The myth of total time is the false belief that the amount of time you are exposed to information is directly related to how well you will retain that information. Which of the following examples from the chapter would support this idea? A That imagining vivid mental images of information leads to better memory. B That studying information for three hours on Thursday night before a Friday exam is worse than studying one hour on Tuesday, one hour on Wednesday, and one hour on Thursday. C That people are generally bad at remembering the arrangement of features on a penny. D That even flashbulb memories are subject to reconstruction.

C That people are generally bad at remembering the arrangement of features on a penny.

Responding to the question "Does the apple have a stem?" is _______________ if you imagine the apple next to a grape compared to if you imagine the apple next to a tree. This is evidence in favor of _______________ . A Slower; the inner voice B Faster; the inner voice C Slower; the inner eye D Faster; the inner eye

D Faster; the inner eye

H.M. had what portion of his brain removed? A His frontal lobe B His amygdala C His cerebellum D His hippocampus

D His hippocampus

What does research on flashbulb memories indicate? A People are highly confident in their accuracy, and are in fact very accurate. B People are not highly confident in their accuracy, but are in fact very accurate. C People are not highly confident in their accuracy, and are also not very accurate. D People are highly confident in their accuracy, but are not very accurate.

D People are highly confident in their accuracy, but are not very accurate.

Which of the following is NOT one of the effective encoding strategies discussed in the text? A Using an acronym B Using retrieval practice C Using the method of loci D Using massed practice

D Using massed practice

Imagine that you are interested in whether viewing a specific film impacts performance on a later task. You show one group of people a movie depicting a horse race, and another group of people a movie depicting a horse eating an apple on a farm. You think that if you give both groups of people the jumbled-up word "cersa", the people who watched the horse race will be more likely to re-arrange the letters to make the word "races" compared to people who watched neither video. In contrast, you think the people who watched the horse on a farm will be more likely to re-arrange the letters to make the word "acres" compared to people who watched neither video. This task is a test of ___________ memory.

Implicit

Let's say you leave your keys in a different place each day when you arrive home, Monday through Friday. On Friday, you might have trouble remembering where your keys are due to ____________ ______________; memories of where you left your keys Monday-Thursday make it more difficult to remember where you left your keys on Friday.

Proactive Interference

You might also have trouble remembering where you left your keys on Monday, but instead due to ____________ ______________; memories of where you left your keys Tuesday-Friday make it more difficult to remember where you left your keys on Monday.

Retroactive Interference

Lars prepares for his exam by repeatedly reading his notes four times. Sadie prepares for her exam by reading her notes once, then testing herself on the contents of her notes three times. Based on Roediger & Karpicke's (2006) data, who would we expect to perform better on the exam?

Sadie